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Environmental Health Exam TEST FINAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM 20262027 BANK 2 VERSIONS QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS
WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+
GRADED
Additive Interactions - ANSWERS--Combination of two chemicals
produces effect that is equal to the sum of their individual effects
Antagonistic Interactions - ANSWERS--Two chemicals administered
together interfere with each other's actions or one interferes with the
action of the other such that the combined effect of exposures is less
than the sum of their individual effects
ATSDR-CDC - ANSWERS--Agency for Toxic substance & Disease Registry:
focus on chemical safety; four functional areas of protecting public
from toxic exposure, increasing knowledge, health education, &
maintaining registries
Be familiar with historical & modern examples of environmental health
issues - ANSWERS--- Bubonic Plague in Europe
- Smallpox
- Municipal sewers in London
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- Industrial revolution
- Cholera in NY
- Belgian air pollution
-PA air pollution, London Fog '52
Recent hot topics: environmental justice, global warming, hazardous
wastes, radioactive hazards, pesticides, herbicides
Case Series Study - ANSWERS--- Information about patients who share a
disease is gathered over time
- Weakest design, used for hypothesis generation
- Ex: Diethylstilbestrol given to pregnant moms, daughters at risk of
developing cervical cancer
Case-Control Study - ANSWERS--- Subjects defined based on presence
or absence of a disease or condition of interest
- Cases/controls matched on select variables
- Exposure determined retrospectively, can examine many potential
exposures
- Usually examine one/few outcomes & influenced by
unknown/unobserved factors & method bias
- Ex: tobacco smoking as causal factor in development of kidney cancer
Clean Air Act - ANSWERS--Comprehensive federal law regulating air
emissions from sources
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Primary standards to protect human health
Policy based standards for 6 air pollutants: SO2, CO, Pb, NO2, ozone,
particle pollution
Clean Water Act - ANSWERS--Established basic structure for regulating
pollutants discharged into waters
Covers primarily surface water
LEFT OUT GROUNDWATER
Cohort Design Study - ANSWERS--- Subjects defined based on exposure
to factor of interest & followed to document incidence of disease
- Longitudinal design & either prospective or retrospective
- Examines many outcomes but few exposures
- Ex: mortality among steel mill cohort during specific time interval
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, & Liability Act
1980 - ANSWERS--"Superfund" to clean up waste sites
Cross-Sectional - ANSWERS--- Examines the relationship between
diseases & other variables as they exist in a defined population at one
particular time
- Prevalence study
- Samples from parent population taken randomly
- Used to formulate hypothesis
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- Ex: asthma prevalence in third graders as function of school indoor air
quality
Define Ecosystem - ANSWERS--- "Dynamic complex of plant, animal, &
microorganism communities & the nonliving environment interacting as
a functional unit"
- Natural systems that function as a unit
- The Ecological Model: proposes that the determinants of health
interact & are interlinked over the life course of individuals
Define environmental epidemiology - ANSWERS--- Epidemiology: study
of the distribution & determinants of health & diseases, morbidity,
injuries, disability, & mortality in populations
- Environmental epidemiology: the study of diseases & health
conditions that are linked to environmental factors
Define Environmental Health - ANSWERS--- Environment = complex of
physical, chemical, & biotic factors that act upon an organism or
ecological community & ultimately determine form & survival
- Environmental Health = addresses all the physical, chemical, &
biological factors external to the person, & all the related factors
impacting behaviors -- encompasses control of environmental factors &
aims to prevent disease
Define Natural Population Fertility Rate - ANSWERS--Keeps populations
stable - in the US, about 2.1 births per woman
Environmental Health Exam TEST FINAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM 20262027 BANK 2 VERSIONS QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS
WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+
GRADED
Additive Interactions - ANSWERS--Combination of two chemicals
produces effect that is equal to the sum of their individual effects
Antagonistic Interactions - ANSWERS--Two chemicals administered
together interfere with each other's actions or one interferes with the
action of the other such that the combined effect of exposures is less
than the sum of their individual effects
ATSDR-CDC - ANSWERS--Agency for Toxic substance & Disease Registry:
focus on chemical safety; four functional areas of protecting public
from toxic exposure, increasing knowledge, health education, &
maintaining registries
Be familiar with historical & modern examples of environmental health
issues - ANSWERS--- Bubonic Plague in Europe
- Smallpox
- Municipal sewers in London
,2|Page
- Industrial revolution
- Cholera in NY
- Belgian air pollution
-PA air pollution, London Fog '52
Recent hot topics: environmental justice, global warming, hazardous
wastes, radioactive hazards, pesticides, herbicides
Case Series Study - ANSWERS--- Information about patients who share a
disease is gathered over time
- Weakest design, used for hypothesis generation
- Ex: Diethylstilbestrol given to pregnant moms, daughters at risk of
developing cervical cancer
Case-Control Study - ANSWERS--- Subjects defined based on presence
or absence of a disease or condition of interest
- Cases/controls matched on select variables
- Exposure determined retrospectively, can examine many potential
exposures
- Usually examine one/few outcomes & influenced by
unknown/unobserved factors & method bias
- Ex: tobacco smoking as causal factor in development of kidney cancer
Clean Air Act - ANSWERS--Comprehensive federal law regulating air
emissions from sources
,3|Page
Primary standards to protect human health
Policy based standards for 6 air pollutants: SO2, CO, Pb, NO2, ozone,
particle pollution
Clean Water Act - ANSWERS--Established basic structure for regulating
pollutants discharged into waters
Covers primarily surface water
LEFT OUT GROUNDWATER
Cohort Design Study - ANSWERS--- Subjects defined based on exposure
to factor of interest & followed to document incidence of disease
- Longitudinal design & either prospective or retrospective
- Examines many outcomes but few exposures
- Ex: mortality among steel mill cohort during specific time interval
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, & Liability Act
1980 - ANSWERS--"Superfund" to clean up waste sites
Cross-Sectional - ANSWERS--- Examines the relationship between
diseases & other variables as they exist in a defined population at one
particular time
- Prevalence study
- Samples from parent population taken randomly
- Used to formulate hypothesis
, 4|Page
- Ex: asthma prevalence in third graders as function of school indoor air
quality
Define Ecosystem - ANSWERS--- "Dynamic complex of plant, animal, &
microorganism communities & the nonliving environment interacting as
a functional unit"
- Natural systems that function as a unit
- The Ecological Model: proposes that the determinants of health
interact & are interlinked over the life course of individuals
Define environmental epidemiology - ANSWERS--- Epidemiology: study
of the distribution & determinants of health & diseases, morbidity,
injuries, disability, & mortality in populations
- Environmental epidemiology: the study of diseases & health
conditions that are linked to environmental factors
Define Environmental Health - ANSWERS--- Environment = complex of
physical, chemical, & biotic factors that act upon an organism or
ecological community & ultimately determine form & survival
- Environmental Health = addresses all the physical, chemical, &
biological factors external to the person, & all the related factors
impacting behaviors -- encompasses control of environmental factors &
aims to prevent disease
Define Natural Population Fertility Rate - ANSWERS--Keeps populations
stable - in the US, about 2.1 births per woman
