NR606 Final Exam LATEST
QUESTION AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
-Adolescents & Adults with ADHD
• may struggle with executive function, attention, working memory
• problems with day-to-day functioning, performance at work, relationships
ADHD is a deficiency of neurotransmitters, mainly _________ & _________ - correct answer
dopamine and norepinephrine
ADHD diagnostic criteria - correct answer -A pattern of at least six symptoms of inattention
and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.
-Symptoms persist for six months or longer.
-Symptoms interfere with social, academic, or occupational functioning.
-Symptoms are present in two or more settings
• for instance, home & school
Kelsey is a 7-year-old first-grader who is the youngest of four children. During parent-teacher
conferences, her teacher reported that she is polite, respectful, and gets along well with her
peers. She has a hard time keeping her desk neat and she frequently misplaces her supplies and
loses library books. She must often be told more than once to complete instructions. Her work
is appropriate for her grade level, but she often makes careless mistakes on her assignments.
She struggles with math and avoids doing arithmetic assignments. Her parents endorse that
Kelsey's room is "sloppy" but do not notice any of the other concerns in the home environment.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Kelsey?
,ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
ADHD combined presentation
unlikely ADHD diagnosis - correct answer ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
Rationale: Kelsey meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD with a predominantly inattentive
presentation. Inattentive symptoms include lack of attention to detail, making careless mistakes,
difficulty listening and following instructions, frequent disorganization and misplacing items,
distractibility, avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort, and forgetfulness. Although
Kelsey's parents identify only one symptom in the home setting, she exhibits multiple symptoms
in the school setting.
Logan is a 6-year-old kindergartener who has a newborn sister. His parents are concerned that
Logan seems to be unable to occupy himself quietly when his sister is napping. Logan interrupts
both his parents and other adults in the home who come to visit his sister. He gets impatient
when his questions are ignored by adults. His parents endorse that the behaviors began about
the same time as his mom's pregnancy was announced. Logan's teacher does not endorse the
same behaviors at school; his teacher states he is quiet, reserved, and plays well with others.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Logan?
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
ADHD combined presentation
unlikely ADHD diagnosis - correct answer unlikely ADHD diagnosis
Rationale: Although Logan has some symptoms that are consistent with a diagnosis of ADHD,
the symptom onset coincides with his mother's pregnancy. There are no concerns of symptoms
at school; more information is needed to assign a diagnosis of ADHD.
,Xander is an 8-year-old second-grader who is the youngest of two children. His mother notes
that he acts as if he has "non-stop energy." He pesters and interrupts his older sister to play
when she is reading or doing homework, and he has little patience for completing his
homework. Xander's mom endorses that his behavior has been consistent for the past few
years. Xander's teacher notes that he fidgets during seat time, speaks out of turn in class, and
runs or skips in the halls.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Xander?
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
ADHD combined presentation
unlikely ADHD diagnosis - correct answer ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
presentation
Rationale: Xander meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD with a hyperactive-impulsive presentation,
including fidgeting, "non-stop" energy, difficulty in engaging in quiet activities, speaking out of
turn, excessive running, and interrupting others. The behaviors occur in school and at home and
have been present consistently for several years.
Belle is a 10-year-old fourth-grader who is the oldest of two children. During parent-teacher
conferences, her teachers expressed concerns that she has difficulty listening and paying
attention in class. She plays with her pencil and eraser constantly during lessons and, when she
does pay attention, she blurts out answers to questions without waiting to be called upon. She
talks to her peers during class and often interrupts the teacher to share with the class. Belle
often forgets to bring her backpack or lunch to school and often leaves school without her
jacket. Belle's mother notes that her daughter has always been talkative and energetic; she has
difficulty keeping her things organized and must be reminded of daily chores, such as feeding
her hamster.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Belle?
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
, ADHD combined pres - correct answer ADHD combined presentation
Rationale: Belle meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD combined presentation. She has several
symptoms of hyperactive-impulsive presentation, including fidgeting, speaking out of turn,
excessive talking, and interrupting. She also has symptoms of inattentive presentation, including
difficulty listening, paying attention, forgetfulness, and difficulty with organization. Although her
symptoms at school differ from those seen at home, she has symptoms in both environments.
Rating scales for ADHD - correct answer -ADHD Rating Scales (ADHD-RS-IV and 5)
-Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP) scale
-Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS)
-Vanderbilt scales
-Conners' scales
ADHD Comorbidities - correct answer >2/3 of children dx'd with ADHD have at least one
coexisting psychiatric condition
-learning disabilities
-conduct disorders
-tics
-anxiety
-depression
-language disorders
-SUD's
• adolescents at increased risk
*often tx ADHD 1st then comorbidities, may reduce overall stress levels, provide clearer picture
of comorbid symptoms
QUESTION AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
-Adolescents & Adults with ADHD
• may struggle with executive function, attention, working memory
• problems with day-to-day functioning, performance at work, relationships
ADHD is a deficiency of neurotransmitters, mainly _________ & _________ - correct answer
dopamine and norepinephrine
ADHD diagnostic criteria - correct answer -A pattern of at least six symptoms of inattention
and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.
-Symptoms persist for six months or longer.
-Symptoms interfere with social, academic, or occupational functioning.
-Symptoms are present in two or more settings
• for instance, home & school
Kelsey is a 7-year-old first-grader who is the youngest of four children. During parent-teacher
conferences, her teacher reported that she is polite, respectful, and gets along well with her
peers. She has a hard time keeping her desk neat and she frequently misplaces her supplies and
loses library books. She must often be told more than once to complete instructions. Her work
is appropriate for her grade level, but she often makes careless mistakes on her assignments.
She struggles with math and avoids doing arithmetic assignments. Her parents endorse that
Kelsey's room is "sloppy" but do not notice any of the other concerns in the home environment.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Kelsey?
,ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
ADHD combined presentation
unlikely ADHD diagnosis - correct answer ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
Rationale: Kelsey meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD with a predominantly inattentive
presentation. Inattentive symptoms include lack of attention to detail, making careless mistakes,
difficulty listening and following instructions, frequent disorganization and misplacing items,
distractibility, avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort, and forgetfulness. Although
Kelsey's parents identify only one symptom in the home setting, she exhibits multiple symptoms
in the school setting.
Logan is a 6-year-old kindergartener who has a newborn sister. His parents are concerned that
Logan seems to be unable to occupy himself quietly when his sister is napping. Logan interrupts
both his parents and other adults in the home who come to visit his sister. He gets impatient
when his questions are ignored by adults. His parents endorse that the behaviors began about
the same time as his mom's pregnancy was announced. Logan's teacher does not endorse the
same behaviors at school; his teacher states he is quiet, reserved, and plays well with others.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Logan?
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
ADHD combined presentation
unlikely ADHD diagnosis - correct answer unlikely ADHD diagnosis
Rationale: Although Logan has some symptoms that are consistent with a diagnosis of ADHD,
the symptom onset coincides with his mother's pregnancy. There are no concerns of symptoms
at school; more information is needed to assign a diagnosis of ADHD.
,Xander is an 8-year-old second-grader who is the youngest of two children. His mother notes
that he acts as if he has "non-stop energy." He pesters and interrupts his older sister to play
when she is reading or doing homework, and he has little patience for completing his
homework. Xander's mom endorses that his behavior has been consistent for the past few
years. Xander's teacher notes that he fidgets during seat time, speaks out of turn in class, and
runs or skips in the halls.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Xander?
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
ADHD combined presentation
unlikely ADHD diagnosis - correct answer ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
presentation
Rationale: Xander meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD with a hyperactive-impulsive presentation,
including fidgeting, "non-stop" energy, difficulty in engaging in quiet activities, speaking out of
turn, excessive running, and interrupting others. The behaviors occur in school and at home and
have been present consistently for several years.
Belle is a 10-year-old fourth-grader who is the oldest of two children. During parent-teacher
conferences, her teachers expressed concerns that she has difficulty listening and paying
attention in class. She plays with her pencil and eraser constantly during lessons and, when she
does pay attention, she blurts out answers to questions without waiting to be called upon. She
talks to her peers during class and often interrupts the teacher to share with the class. Belle
often forgets to bring her backpack or lunch to school and often leaves school without her
jacket. Belle's mother notes that her daughter has always been talkative and energetic; she has
difficulty keeping her things organized and must be reminded of daily chores, such as feeding
her hamster.
What is the most likely diagnosis for Belle?
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
, ADHD combined pres - correct answer ADHD combined presentation
Rationale: Belle meets diagnostic criteria for ADHD combined presentation. She has several
symptoms of hyperactive-impulsive presentation, including fidgeting, speaking out of turn,
excessive talking, and interrupting. She also has symptoms of inattentive presentation, including
difficulty listening, paying attention, forgetfulness, and difficulty with organization. Although her
symptoms at school differ from those seen at home, she has symptoms in both environments.
Rating scales for ADHD - correct answer -ADHD Rating Scales (ADHD-RS-IV and 5)
-Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP) scale
-Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS)
-Vanderbilt scales
-Conners' scales
ADHD Comorbidities - correct answer >2/3 of children dx'd with ADHD have at least one
coexisting psychiatric condition
-learning disabilities
-conduct disorders
-tics
-anxiety
-depression
-language disorders
-SUD's
• adolescents at increased risk
*often tx ADHD 1st then comorbidities, may reduce overall stress levels, provide clearer picture
of comorbid symptoms
