CELL 220 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS .

CELL 220 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS .

Describe the basic properties of muscular tissue. - Correct Answer -excitability, contractility,
elasticity, extensibility


Describe the following structures as they relate to skeletal muscle anatomy: endomysium, deep
fascia, tendon, muscle fibers (myofiber, muscle cells), fascicles, blood vessels, and nerves. -
Correct Answer -


Distinguish between a tendon and an aponeurosis. - Correct Answer -Tendon = the epimysium,
perimysium, and endomysium merge at end of muscle to attach to bone
Aponeurosis = sheet connecting muscle to body part it moves


Define the terms "origin" and "insertion" when discussing skeletal muscle attachments. - Correct
Answer -Origin is less mobile than the insertion


Describe the microscopic anatomy of muscle fiber (myofiber, muscle cell), including the
following structures: neuromuscular junction, sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, T-tubules, sarcoplasmic
reticulum, terminal cisternae, myofibrils, and sarcomeres. - Correct Answer -


Explain the composition of a sarcomere and describe how sarcomeres shorten in length. - Correct
Answer -


Explain the events involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. - Correct Answer -
Acetylcholine is secreted across the neural synapse across the synaptic cleft into the motor
endplate. The sarcolema will bind with the acetylcholine and activate the action potential of T
Tubule which activates the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Terminal Cisternae is the closest part of the
SR to the TT. Calcium will bind to the beaded Troponin which moves Tropomyosin out of the
way the way which allows the myosin head to bind to it. ATP sticks to the head and allows the
power stroke to occur.



1

,Describe the microanatomy of cardiac muscle.
Location:
Cell Shape:
#Nuclei:
Striations:
Control:
Special Features: - Correct Answer -Location: Myocardium of heart
Cell Shape: Branched and Y shaped
#Nuclei: Uni or Bi Nucleate
Striations: Striated
Control: Involuntary
Special Features: Intercalated discs, auto-rhythmic


Describe the microanatomy of smooth muscle.
Location:
Cell Shape:
#Nuclei:
Striations:
Control:
Special Features: - Correct Answer -Location: Walls of visceral organs
Cell Shape: Fusiform (Fuselage)
#Nuclei: Uninucleate
Striations: Not striated
Control: Involuntary
Special Features: Fatigue-resistant


Describe the microanatomy of skeletal muscle.
Location:


2

, Cell Shape:
#Nuclei:
Striations:
Control:
Special Features: - Correct Answer -Location: Connected to the skeleton
Cell Shape: Fiber-like (long and cylindrical)
#Nuclei: Multinucleate
Striations: Striated
Control: Voluntary
Special Features: Innervated at the neuromuscular junction, vascular


List the muscle structures large to small - Correct Answer -Muscle group
Muscle
Fascicle
Myofiber (Muscle Cell/Muscle Fiber)
Myofibril
Thick and thin filaments
Myosin and actin proteins


Describe the difference between a sarcomere, sarcolema, - Correct Answer -


1. Describe the four different ways fascicles are organized in skeletal muscles. - Correct Answer
-


2. Explain how muscle names incorporate action, body region, attachments, orientation,
shape/size, and number of heads. - Correct Answer -


3. Describe the function of agonists (prime movers), antagonists, synergists, and fixators. -
Correct Answer -Know elbow, knee, hip, and shoulder.


3