Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Bank
Tuberculosis skin test - ANSWER an intradermal test to determine whether a patient has tuberculosis or
has been exposed to the disease. synonyms: "Mantoux test, purified protein derivative (PPD) test)
scratch test - ANSWER type of allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through a light
scratch in skin
Carcinoembryotic antigen (CEA) - ANSWER Substance produced in the gastrointestinal tracts during fetal
development, and can help track how well cancer treatments are working.
Bleeding Time - ANSWER puncture of the earlobe or forearm, to determine the time required for blood
to stop flowing
Blood Typing - ANSWER blood test to determine an individual's blood type (A, B, AB, and O) and the Rh
factor can be negative [Rh-] or positive [Rh+]
Bone Marrow Aspiration - ANSWER Removal of bone marrow for examination; can be performed to
determine aplastic anemia, leukemia, certain cancers, and polycythemia
CD4 Count - ANSWER Most widely used serum blood test to monitor the progress of AIDS. CD4 count of
less than 200/mm^3 confirms aids diagnosis. CD4 is a protein on the surface of cells that normally helps
the body's immune system fight disease. The HIV attached itself to the protein to attack WBC, causing a
failure of the patient's defense system.
Otoscopy - ANSWER Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane via
an otoscope.
Color Vision Test - ANSWER Use of polychromatic (multicolored) charts or an anomaloscope (a device for
detecting color blindness) to assess an individual's ability to recognize differences in color.
,Cholangiography - ANSWER X-Ray examination of the bile ducts
Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy (EGD) - ANSWER Endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper
part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum
Colonoscopy - ANSWER Exam used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon) and
rectum
Red Blood Count - ANSWER Test Performed on whole blood to determine number of erythrocytes
present. Increased and or decreased amounts can indicate certain disease conditions
Amniocentesis - ANSWER Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid
containing fetal cells that are examined. It can be determined whether the fetus has Down Syndrome,
neural tube defects, Tay-Sachs disease or other genetic diseases. Determines chromosomal
abnormalities and biochemical disorders
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - ANSWER test performed on blood plasma to determine how long it
takes for fibrin clots to form; used to regulate heparin dosage and to detect clotting disorder
Hemoglobin - ANSWER Blood test to determine amount of iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells
Barium edema - ANSWER test performed by administering barium(Ba) via the rectum to determine
condition of the colon and then X-rays are taken to check the structure of the colon
Bilirubin blood test - ANSWER Test done on blood serus to determine whether bilirubin is conjugated
and excreted in the bile
,Glucose tolerance test - ANSWER Blood sugar test performed at specific intervals after the patient has
been given a significant amount of glucose
Ammonia - ANSWER Test performed on blood plasma to determine the level of ammonia (end product
of protein breakdown)
stress test - ANSWER A screening test used in evaluating cardiovascular fitness. The ECG is monitored
while patient is increasing levels of work on treadmill or ergometer. This test helps doctors assess blood
flow through coronary arteries in response to exercise. Stress test can also include the use of
electrocardiography, echocardiography, and injected radioactive substances
MRI - ANSWER Medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio
waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body. Most MRI machines are large,
tube-shaped magnets.
ultrasonography - ANSWER Test used to visualize an organ or tissue by using high-frequency sound
waves; can be used as a screening test or a diagnostic tool to determine abnormalities of the aorta,
arteries, veins and heart.
Triglycerides - ANSWER Blood test to determine the level of triglycerides in the serem. Elevated levels
(>200 mg/dl) can indicate an increased potential risk of coronary heart disease and diabetes.
PET scan - ANSWER Computer based nuclear imaging procedure that can 3-dimensional pictures of
actual organ function. Useful in locating brain lesion, identifying blood flow and oxygen metabolism in
stroke patients, showing metabolic changes in Alzheimer disease, and studying biochemical changes
associated with mental illness.
Echocardiography (ECHO) - ANSWER Medical procedure using sonographic sound to analyse the size,
shape, and movement of structures inside the heart
, Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) - ANSWER A test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of the
heart, an ECG shows the heart's electrical activity recorded as line tracings on paper or displayed on a
screen
Lipid profile - ANSWER Series of blood tests including cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density
lipoproteins, and triglycerides ; Used to determine levels of lipids and to access risk factors of coronary
heart disease
Lumbar puncture - ANSWER Insertion of a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space for removal of
spinal fluid ; The fluid is examined for color, pressure, level of protein, chloride, glucose, and leukocytes
Cardiac muscle troponins - ANSWER Blood tests performed to determine heart muscle injury not
detected by cardiac enzyme tests ; Troponin T and troponin proteins control the interactions between
actin and myosin, which contract or squeeze the heart muscle
alcohol toxicology - ANSWER Test performed on blood serum or plasma to determine levels of alcohol
cardiac enzymes - ANSWER Blood test to determine cardiac damage caused by an acute myocardial
infarction (MI)
Detects level and area of damage
Cardiac enzymes peak 24-48 hours post MI
Tests
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Creatine kinase
Creatine kinase isoenzymes
Hematocrit - ANSWER Blood test performed on whole blood to determine the percentage of blood cells
in the total blood volume
Tuberculosis skin test - ANSWER an intradermal test to determine whether a patient has tuberculosis or
has been exposed to the disease. synonyms: "Mantoux test, purified protein derivative (PPD) test)
scratch test - ANSWER type of allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through a light
scratch in skin
Carcinoembryotic antigen (CEA) - ANSWER Substance produced in the gastrointestinal tracts during fetal
development, and can help track how well cancer treatments are working.
Bleeding Time - ANSWER puncture of the earlobe or forearm, to determine the time required for blood
to stop flowing
Blood Typing - ANSWER blood test to determine an individual's blood type (A, B, AB, and O) and the Rh
factor can be negative [Rh-] or positive [Rh+]
Bone Marrow Aspiration - ANSWER Removal of bone marrow for examination; can be performed to
determine aplastic anemia, leukemia, certain cancers, and polycythemia
CD4 Count - ANSWER Most widely used serum blood test to monitor the progress of AIDS. CD4 count of
less than 200/mm^3 confirms aids diagnosis. CD4 is a protein on the surface of cells that normally helps
the body's immune system fight disease. The HIV attached itself to the protein to attack WBC, causing a
failure of the patient's defense system.
Otoscopy - ANSWER Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane via
an otoscope.
Color Vision Test - ANSWER Use of polychromatic (multicolored) charts or an anomaloscope (a device for
detecting color blindness) to assess an individual's ability to recognize differences in color.
,Cholangiography - ANSWER X-Ray examination of the bile ducts
Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy (EGD) - ANSWER Endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper
part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum
Colonoscopy - ANSWER Exam used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon) and
rectum
Red Blood Count - ANSWER Test Performed on whole blood to determine number of erythrocytes
present. Increased and or decreased amounts can indicate certain disease conditions
Amniocentesis - ANSWER Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid
containing fetal cells that are examined. It can be determined whether the fetus has Down Syndrome,
neural tube defects, Tay-Sachs disease or other genetic diseases. Determines chromosomal
abnormalities and biochemical disorders
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - ANSWER test performed on blood plasma to determine how long it
takes for fibrin clots to form; used to regulate heparin dosage and to detect clotting disorder
Hemoglobin - ANSWER Blood test to determine amount of iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells
Barium edema - ANSWER test performed by administering barium(Ba) via the rectum to determine
condition of the colon and then X-rays are taken to check the structure of the colon
Bilirubin blood test - ANSWER Test done on blood serus to determine whether bilirubin is conjugated
and excreted in the bile
,Glucose tolerance test - ANSWER Blood sugar test performed at specific intervals after the patient has
been given a significant amount of glucose
Ammonia - ANSWER Test performed on blood plasma to determine the level of ammonia (end product
of protein breakdown)
stress test - ANSWER A screening test used in evaluating cardiovascular fitness. The ECG is monitored
while patient is increasing levels of work on treadmill or ergometer. This test helps doctors assess blood
flow through coronary arteries in response to exercise. Stress test can also include the use of
electrocardiography, echocardiography, and injected radioactive substances
MRI - ANSWER Medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio
waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body. Most MRI machines are large,
tube-shaped magnets.
ultrasonography - ANSWER Test used to visualize an organ or tissue by using high-frequency sound
waves; can be used as a screening test or a diagnostic tool to determine abnormalities of the aorta,
arteries, veins and heart.
Triglycerides - ANSWER Blood test to determine the level of triglycerides in the serem. Elevated levels
(>200 mg/dl) can indicate an increased potential risk of coronary heart disease and diabetes.
PET scan - ANSWER Computer based nuclear imaging procedure that can 3-dimensional pictures of
actual organ function. Useful in locating brain lesion, identifying blood flow and oxygen metabolism in
stroke patients, showing metabolic changes in Alzheimer disease, and studying biochemical changes
associated with mental illness.
Echocardiography (ECHO) - ANSWER Medical procedure using sonographic sound to analyse the size,
shape, and movement of structures inside the heart
, Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) - ANSWER A test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of the
heart, an ECG shows the heart's electrical activity recorded as line tracings on paper or displayed on a
screen
Lipid profile - ANSWER Series of blood tests including cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density
lipoproteins, and triglycerides ; Used to determine levels of lipids and to access risk factors of coronary
heart disease
Lumbar puncture - ANSWER Insertion of a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space for removal of
spinal fluid ; The fluid is examined for color, pressure, level of protein, chloride, glucose, and leukocytes
Cardiac muscle troponins - ANSWER Blood tests performed to determine heart muscle injury not
detected by cardiac enzyme tests ; Troponin T and troponin proteins control the interactions between
actin and myosin, which contract or squeeze the heart muscle
alcohol toxicology - ANSWER Test performed on blood serum or plasma to determine levels of alcohol
cardiac enzymes - ANSWER Blood test to determine cardiac damage caused by an acute myocardial
infarction (MI)
Detects level and area of damage
Cardiac enzymes peak 24-48 hours post MI
Tests
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Creatine kinase
Creatine kinase isoenzymes
Hematocrit - ANSWER Blood test performed on whole blood to determine the percentage of blood cells
in the total blood volume
