NUR 502 Advanced Pathophysiology Study Guide: Review Topics
for Chapter 11 & 12 |Latest Update with Complete Solution-STU
Chapters 11 and 12 (Neuro & Musculoskeletal Function)
1. Teaching for mild traumatic brain injury sustained in a motor vehicle accident.
2. Know cerebral injury
intracerebral hemorrhage: bleeding in the brain tissue itself, caused by contusions,
injury, HTN, or vascular abnormalities
subdural hematoma: develop between the dura and the arachnoid, frequently
caused by a small venous tear or an arterial rupture
epidural hematoma: result from bleeding between the dura and skull, usually
caused by an arterial tear
subarachnoid hemorrhage: bleeding in the space between the arachnoid and the
pia, due to a rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or vascular malformations
3. What is the purpose of folate?
It reduces the risk of neural tube defects
4. Which receptors are mainly altered by (Marijuana) PCP?
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
5. The most likely cause of cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
Atrial fibrillation
6. Know types of paralysis
-Ipsilateral hypotonic muscles and flaccid paralysis
-Contralateral hypotonic muscles and flaccid paralysis: lower motor neuron injury
-Ipsilateral contractures and spastic paralysis
-Contralateral contractures and spastic paralysis: upper motor neuron damage
7. Know patient presentation of:
Meningocele: meninges protrude through the vertebral opening
spina bifida occulta: small gap in one or more of the vertebrae. No s/s
myelomeningocele: spinal canal remains open along several vertebrae in the lower
or middle back. The meninges, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and CSF protrude
split cord malformation: infant is born with splitting or duplication of the spinal
cord
, 8. Alterations in what chromosomes have been associated with the development of
mental health disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
Chromosome 3 and 10
9. Know different types of headaches and patient presentation
tension headaches: occur as a result of hypersensitivity of nerve fibers. Pain is
usually nonthrobbing and head feels dull, full or like it has a band around it
headache due to an aneurysm: a severe headache that has a sudden onset and is
worse near the back of the head or wherever the aneurysm is located
10. Patient presentation of:
-experiencing acute anxiety: muscle tension, vigilance, and avoidance behaviors
-developing spinal shock: a temporary altered physiologic state with suppression of
neurogenic function because of spinal cord compression. (flaccid paralysis, lack of
sensation, loss of reflex activity)
-developing autonomic hyperreflexia: your involuntary nervous system overacts to
external or bodily stimuli
-experiencing parasympathetic areflexia (autonomic dysreflexia): the loss of
coordinated heart rate and vascular response to various stimuli
11. A migraine occurs as a result of?
Neurogenic inflammation leading to neuronal sensitization
12. know difference between an obsession, a compulsion, paranoia and delusions.
Obsession: Chronic, repetitive, intrusive thoughts or urges
Compulsion: repetitive mental or behavioral acts
Paranoia: unjustified suspicion or mistrust of other people
Delusion: A false belief or fixed belief that is not amenable to change
13. Know patient presentation for:
manic episode: a state of abnormal and persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood with persistently decreased energy and activity
panic attack: abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort that peaks within minutes
compulsive behavior: repetitive mental or behavioral acts
14. Which microorganisms has been linked to meningitis?
S. pneumonia, H. influenza and N. meningitis
15. patient presentation and symptoms of
Avolition: apathy (decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities),
impaired personal hygiene, lack of persistence
alogia: diminished speech output (decreased content and increased response time)
anhedonia: decreased ability to experience pleasure or recollect pleasure
delusions: a false belief or fixed belief that is not amenable to change
for Chapter 11 & 12 |Latest Update with Complete Solution-STU
Chapters 11 and 12 (Neuro & Musculoskeletal Function)
1. Teaching for mild traumatic brain injury sustained in a motor vehicle accident.
2. Know cerebral injury
intracerebral hemorrhage: bleeding in the brain tissue itself, caused by contusions,
injury, HTN, or vascular abnormalities
subdural hematoma: develop between the dura and the arachnoid, frequently
caused by a small venous tear or an arterial rupture
epidural hematoma: result from bleeding between the dura and skull, usually
caused by an arterial tear
subarachnoid hemorrhage: bleeding in the space between the arachnoid and the
pia, due to a rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or vascular malformations
3. What is the purpose of folate?
It reduces the risk of neural tube defects
4. Which receptors are mainly altered by (Marijuana) PCP?
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
5. The most likely cause of cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
Atrial fibrillation
6. Know types of paralysis
-Ipsilateral hypotonic muscles and flaccid paralysis
-Contralateral hypotonic muscles and flaccid paralysis: lower motor neuron injury
-Ipsilateral contractures and spastic paralysis
-Contralateral contractures and spastic paralysis: upper motor neuron damage
7. Know patient presentation of:
Meningocele: meninges protrude through the vertebral opening
spina bifida occulta: small gap in one or more of the vertebrae. No s/s
myelomeningocele: spinal canal remains open along several vertebrae in the lower
or middle back. The meninges, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and CSF protrude
split cord malformation: infant is born with splitting or duplication of the spinal
cord
, 8. Alterations in what chromosomes have been associated with the development of
mental health disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
Chromosome 3 and 10
9. Know different types of headaches and patient presentation
tension headaches: occur as a result of hypersensitivity of nerve fibers. Pain is
usually nonthrobbing and head feels dull, full or like it has a band around it
headache due to an aneurysm: a severe headache that has a sudden onset and is
worse near the back of the head or wherever the aneurysm is located
10. Patient presentation of:
-experiencing acute anxiety: muscle tension, vigilance, and avoidance behaviors
-developing spinal shock: a temporary altered physiologic state with suppression of
neurogenic function because of spinal cord compression. (flaccid paralysis, lack of
sensation, loss of reflex activity)
-developing autonomic hyperreflexia: your involuntary nervous system overacts to
external or bodily stimuli
-experiencing parasympathetic areflexia (autonomic dysreflexia): the loss of
coordinated heart rate and vascular response to various stimuli
11. A migraine occurs as a result of?
Neurogenic inflammation leading to neuronal sensitization
12. know difference between an obsession, a compulsion, paranoia and delusions.
Obsession: Chronic, repetitive, intrusive thoughts or urges
Compulsion: repetitive mental or behavioral acts
Paranoia: unjustified suspicion or mistrust of other people
Delusion: A false belief or fixed belief that is not amenable to change
13. Know patient presentation for:
manic episode: a state of abnormal and persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood with persistently decreased energy and activity
panic attack: abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort that peaks within minutes
compulsive behavior: repetitive mental or behavioral acts
14. Which microorganisms has been linked to meningitis?
S. pneumonia, H. influenza and N. meningitis
15. patient presentation and symptoms of
Avolition: apathy (decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities),
impaired personal hygiene, lack of persistence
alogia: diminished speech output (decreased content and increased response time)
anhedonia: decreased ability to experience pleasure or recollect pleasure
delusions: a false belief or fixed belief that is not amenable to change
