NUR 641 E FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL 2026/2027
GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY | QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism,
involves excretion
Pharmacokinetic absorption from the administration site
absorption either directly or indirectly in the blood
plasma
Parmacokinetic reversibly or irreversibly move from the
distribution bloodstream into the interstitial and
intracellular fluid
Pharmacokinetics biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or
metabolism by other tissue
Intravenous 1. highest bioavailability
medications 2. places entire does into venin thus
bypassing absorption
, 3. avoids hepatic first pass metabolism in
the liver
steady state medication usually reached within 4-5 half lives of
the drug
drug half life 1. the time required for the elimination
process to reduce 2.the concentration
of the drug to one half what it was at
initial administration
3. determines drug frequency
4. predicts length of toxic effects
5. constant first order pharmacokinetics of
a drug
zero order drug is metabolized at a constant rate per
(nonlinear) unit
,CYP3A4 metabolizes
50% drugs
inhibit:
grapefruit
juice
- increase drug -> adverse effects
may have enhanced activity with any other
CYP3A4
Six steps in drug 1. discovery or laboratory for development
development process 2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing
3. phase 2 human subjects
4. compare drug to placebo or other drug
that is effective
5. FDA then reviews result and determines
approval
6. Post market study to determine other
side effects that were not seen while
, lab testing
organizations for 1. Institute of Safe mediation Practice
medication safety 2. Institute of Medicine
3. Joint commission
4. National Coordinating Council form
mediation error reporting and
prevention
5. Food and Drug Administration (safe use
initiative)
Adverse Drug Reaction 1. Also known as a side effect, an
(ADR) undesirable reaction that accompanies
the
principal response for which the drug was
taken include allergic reactions and
adverse drug effects
2. Either pharmacological or idiosyncratic
3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological
4. Reporting is not mandated by FDA thus
GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY | QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism,
involves excretion
Pharmacokinetic absorption from the administration site
absorption either directly or indirectly in the blood
plasma
Parmacokinetic reversibly or irreversibly move from the
distribution bloodstream into the interstitial and
intracellular fluid
Pharmacokinetics biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or
metabolism by other tissue
Intravenous 1. highest bioavailability
medications 2. places entire does into venin thus
bypassing absorption
, 3. avoids hepatic first pass metabolism in
the liver
steady state medication usually reached within 4-5 half lives of
the drug
drug half life 1. the time required for the elimination
process to reduce 2.the concentration
of the drug to one half what it was at
initial administration
3. determines drug frequency
4. predicts length of toxic effects
5. constant first order pharmacokinetics of
a drug
zero order drug is metabolized at a constant rate per
(nonlinear) unit
,CYP3A4 metabolizes
50% drugs
inhibit:
grapefruit
juice
- increase drug -> adverse effects
may have enhanced activity with any other
CYP3A4
Six steps in drug 1. discovery or laboratory for development
development process 2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing
3. phase 2 human subjects
4. compare drug to placebo or other drug
that is effective
5. FDA then reviews result and determines
approval
6. Post market study to determine other
side effects that were not seen while
, lab testing
organizations for 1. Institute of Safe mediation Practice
medication safety 2. Institute of Medicine
3. Joint commission
4. National Coordinating Council form
mediation error reporting and
prevention
5. Food and Drug Administration (safe use
initiative)
Adverse Drug Reaction 1. Also known as a side effect, an
(ADR) undesirable reaction that accompanies
the
principal response for which the drug was
taken include allergic reactions and
adverse drug effects
2. Either pharmacological or idiosyncratic
3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological
4. Reporting is not mandated by FDA thus
