PORTAGE LEARNING A&P I FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE A+ GUARANTEED
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
Stomach, intestines, spleen, liver (any two)
2. The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
True or False?
True
3. a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane.
(T or F)
False
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from
the cell. (T or F)
False
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the
cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
False
4. a. True
b. True
c. False
d. False
e. False
5. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type
of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell
, expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell
decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume,
its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area
(relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
6. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?
During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent
aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food,
or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering
into the lungs.
7. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Oropharynx
8. Label the following five items from the diagram:
Label B- ___________
Label D- __________
Label E- __________
Label F- __________
Label G- __________
B - Oral Cavity
D - Epiglottis
E - Glottis
F - Trachea
G - Esophagus
9. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
10.Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of
gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which
induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the
excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption
that can lead to those ulcers.
,11.Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the
digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the
specific region.
3: ___________
4: ___________
7: ___________
9: ___________
10: ___________
3. Stomach
4. Gallbladder
7. Jejunum
9. Appendix
10. Rectum
12.Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and
purposes.
Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they secrete
gastric juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive
activity; also, parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells
secrete the enzymes pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase.
13.Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below:
1: ____________
3:____________
5:____________
7: ____________
8: ____________
1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses
3: Maxilla
5: Vomer
7: Maxilla
8: Mandible
, 14.Label the bones in the figure below:
A: ____________
B: ____________
C: ____________
D: ____________
E: _____________
A. Pisiform
B. Hamate
C. Capitate
D. Trapezoid
E. Trapezium
15.A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe
this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain
your answer.
(1) Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the bone tissue
degenerates faster than it is replaced making the bones weak, causing
increased pain, and more likely to fracture due to them being brittle.
(2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts,
which are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be
unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of the bone which is
responsible in the process that included the osteoblasts that take the
calcium from the blood.
16.Label the following five muscles:
B: _____________
C: _____________
E: _____________
G: _____________
J: ______________
B: Temporalis
C: Orbicularis oculi
E: Zygomaticus major
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE A+ GUARANTEED
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
Stomach, intestines, spleen, liver (any two)
2. The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
True or False?
True
3. a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane.
(T or F)
False
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from
the cell. (T or F)
False
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the
cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
False
4. a. True
b. True
c. False
d. False
e. False
5. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type
of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell
, expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell
decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume,
its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area
(relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
6. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?
During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent
aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food,
or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering
into the lungs.
7. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Oropharynx
8. Label the following five items from the diagram:
Label B- ___________
Label D- __________
Label E- __________
Label F- __________
Label G- __________
B - Oral Cavity
D - Epiglottis
E - Glottis
F - Trachea
G - Esophagus
9. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
10.Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of
gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which
induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the
excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption
that can lead to those ulcers.
,11.Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the
digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the
specific region.
3: ___________
4: ___________
7: ___________
9: ___________
10: ___________
3. Stomach
4. Gallbladder
7. Jejunum
9. Appendix
10. Rectum
12.Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and
purposes.
Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they secrete
gastric juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive
activity; also, parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells
secrete the enzymes pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase.
13.Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below:
1: ____________
3:____________
5:____________
7: ____________
8: ____________
1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses
3: Maxilla
5: Vomer
7: Maxilla
8: Mandible
, 14.Label the bones in the figure below:
A: ____________
B: ____________
C: ____________
D: ____________
E: _____________
A. Pisiform
B. Hamate
C. Capitate
D. Trapezoid
E. Trapezium
15.A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe
this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain
your answer.
(1) Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the bone tissue
degenerates faster than it is replaced making the bones weak, causing
increased pain, and more likely to fracture due to them being brittle.
(2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts,
which are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be
unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of the bone which is
responsible in the process that included the osteoblasts that take the
calcium from the blood.
16.Label the following five muscles:
B: _____________
C: _____________
E: _____________
G: _____________
J: ______________
B: Temporalis
C: Orbicularis oculi
E: Zygomaticus major
