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NURS 5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTA EXAM 1
ACTUAL QUESTIONS 2026 WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Respiratory Acidosis - correct answer-Causes: Hypoventilation,
respiratory depression, impaired respiratory musculature from
Guillian Barre or multiple sclerosis, OSA, asthma, ARDS,
COPD, PNA
Clinical Manifestations: Headache, restlessness, blurred vision,
apprehension, lethargy, muscle twitching, tremors, convulsions
Patho: Hypoventilation (mechanical ventilation may be
required)
Respiratory Alkalosis - correct answer-Causes:
Hyperventilation, hypoxemia, PE, CHF, high altitudes, fever,
sepsis, anemia, anxiety, hepatic failure, salicylate overdose
Clinical Manifestations: dizziness, confusion, paresthesias,
convulsions, seizures, coma
Chronic metabolic acidosis will enhance resorption of what? -
correct answer-Ammonium
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What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA? How do they pair
up? - correct answer-Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
Thymine <--> adenine
Guanine <--> cytosine
How does DNA replication occur? - correct answer-Consists of
breaking the weak hydrogen bond between the bases, leaving
a single strand with each base unpaired. The consistent pairing
of TA and GC is key to accurate replication. DNA polymerase
travels along a single DNA strand, adding the correct
nucleotides to the free end of each new strand.
What is RNA? - correct answer-Responsible for transcription,
translation, protein formation from DNA.
Uracil <--> adenine
Guanine <--> cytosine
Transcription - correct answer-RNA is synthesized from DNA
resulting in creating of mRNA
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Translation - correct answer-RNA directs synthesis of
polypeptides. mRNA interacts with tRNA and ribosomes to
create amino acids
Gamete cell - correct answer-Mature sperm or egg cell.
Haploid, contain 23 chromosomes. Reproduce through meiosis.
When the sperm and egg join, the two sets of 23 chromosomes
form a complete set of 46 chromosomes.
Somatic cells - correct answer-All other cells in the body.
Diploid, 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Reproduce through mitosis. 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46
chromosomes total.
Polyploidy and its clinical manifestations - correct answer-When
a cell has more than 46 chromosomes
Ex: Liver, bronchial and epithelial tissues are normally
polyploid. A zygote having 3 or 4 copies of each chromosome,
rather than 2 has triploidy or tetraploidy which almost always
results in spontaneous abortion/stillborn.
Aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - correct answer-Cells
that do not contain multiple of 23 chromosomes (can contain
NURS 5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTA EXAM 1
ACTUAL QUESTIONS 2026 WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Respiratory Acidosis - correct answer-Causes: Hypoventilation,
respiratory depression, impaired respiratory musculature from
Guillian Barre or multiple sclerosis, OSA, asthma, ARDS,
COPD, PNA
Clinical Manifestations: Headache, restlessness, blurred vision,
apprehension, lethargy, muscle twitching, tremors, convulsions
Patho: Hypoventilation (mechanical ventilation may be
required)
Respiratory Alkalosis - correct answer-Causes:
Hyperventilation, hypoxemia, PE, CHF, high altitudes, fever,
sepsis, anemia, anxiety, hepatic failure, salicylate overdose
Clinical Manifestations: dizziness, confusion, paresthesias,
convulsions, seizures, coma
Chronic metabolic acidosis will enhance resorption of what? -
correct answer-Ammonium
, Page | 2
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA? How do they pair
up? - correct answer-Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
Thymine <--> adenine
Guanine <--> cytosine
How does DNA replication occur? - correct answer-Consists of
breaking the weak hydrogen bond between the bases, leaving
a single strand with each base unpaired. The consistent pairing
of TA and GC is key to accurate replication. DNA polymerase
travels along a single DNA strand, adding the correct
nucleotides to the free end of each new strand.
What is RNA? - correct answer-Responsible for transcription,
translation, protein formation from DNA.
Uracil <--> adenine
Guanine <--> cytosine
Transcription - correct answer-RNA is synthesized from DNA
resulting in creating of mRNA
, Page | 3
Translation - correct answer-RNA directs synthesis of
polypeptides. mRNA interacts with tRNA and ribosomes to
create amino acids
Gamete cell - correct answer-Mature sperm or egg cell.
Haploid, contain 23 chromosomes. Reproduce through meiosis.
When the sperm and egg join, the two sets of 23 chromosomes
form a complete set of 46 chromosomes.
Somatic cells - correct answer-All other cells in the body.
Diploid, 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Reproduce through mitosis. 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46
chromosomes total.
Polyploidy and its clinical manifestations - correct answer-When
a cell has more than 46 chromosomes
Ex: Liver, bronchial and epithelial tissues are normally
polyploid. A zygote having 3 or 4 copies of each chromosome,
rather than 2 has triploidy or tetraploidy which almost always
results in spontaneous abortion/stillborn.
Aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - correct answer-Cells
that do not contain multiple of 23 chromosomes (can contain
