KNH 244 Exam 2 Questions With
Complete Answers
Cartilage - ANSWER resilient, semi-rigid connective tissue with no blood supply
or nerves (few exceptions), nourished by fluid in joint
Functions of Cartilage - ANSWER -increases joint stability
-distributes load in joint
reduces contact stress
-reduces contact stress
-allows near friction less movement
articular cartilage (hyaline) - ANSWER covers joint ends at articulations, 60-80%
water, contains collagen & proteoglycan
Fibrocartilage - ANSWER -improves fit between bones
-intermediary between hyaline cartilage & other connective tissues
examples of fibrocartilage - ANSWER Meniscus, intervertebral discs
articulations (joints) - ANSWER junction or pivot point between two bones
Major Function of Articulations - ANSWER motion
rotation of bones about joints - ANSWER movement occurs through....
3 characteristics of joints - ANSWER -weight bearing
-shock absorption
-stability-mobility tradeoff
compound joint - ANSWER joining of 3 or more bones
simple joint - ANSWER joining of 2 bones
functional joint - ANSWER no soft tissue connection
example of functional joint - ANSWER scapulothoracic/costal
2 types of structural classification - ANSWER 1. joints without cavity
2. joints with joint cavity
2 types of functional classification - ANSWER 1.synarthrotic (fibrous)
, 2. Amphiarthotic (cartilaginous)
3. Diarthrotic (synovial)
joints without cavity - ANSWER 1. fibrous- dense fibrous tissues joins bones
2. cartilaginous- fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
joints with joint cavity - ANSWER synovial- joint capsule joins bones
synarthrotic joints - ANSWER permit essentially no movement (fibrous)
amphiarthrotic joints - ANSWER moderate/little movement (cartilaginous)
diarthrotic joints - ANSWER freely moveable (ex. synovial joints)
Synovial joints always have - ANSWER -synovial fluid
-articular cavity
-articular cartilage
-articular capsule
-synovial membrane
-ligaments
-blood vessels
-sensory nerves
Synovial joints sometimes have - ANSWER -menisci
-fat pads
-labrum
-synovial plicae
Diarthosis - ANSWER freely movable joint
plant joint/nonaxial/gliding joints - ANSWER flat or slightly curved surfaces,
permits gliding/sliding movement, no axis
uniaxial joints - ANSWER hinge joints and pivot joints
hinge joints - ANSWER convex(spool like)/concave surfaces, permits
flexion/extension
pivot joints - ANSWER peg or tube and ring
biaxial joints - ANSWER condyloid and saddle
condyloid joint - ANSWER oval shaped bone that fits into a reciprocal concave
surface, permits flexion/extension, ab/adduction, circumduction
Complete Answers
Cartilage - ANSWER resilient, semi-rigid connective tissue with no blood supply
or nerves (few exceptions), nourished by fluid in joint
Functions of Cartilage - ANSWER -increases joint stability
-distributes load in joint
reduces contact stress
-reduces contact stress
-allows near friction less movement
articular cartilage (hyaline) - ANSWER covers joint ends at articulations, 60-80%
water, contains collagen & proteoglycan
Fibrocartilage - ANSWER -improves fit between bones
-intermediary between hyaline cartilage & other connective tissues
examples of fibrocartilage - ANSWER Meniscus, intervertebral discs
articulations (joints) - ANSWER junction or pivot point between two bones
Major Function of Articulations - ANSWER motion
rotation of bones about joints - ANSWER movement occurs through....
3 characteristics of joints - ANSWER -weight bearing
-shock absorption
-stability-mobility tradeoff
compound joint - ANSWER joining of 3 or more bones
simple joint - ANSWER joining of 2 bones
functional joint - ANSWER no soft tissue connection
example of functional joint - ANSWER scapulothoracic/costal
2 types of structural classification - ANSWER 1. joints without cavity
2. joints with joint cavity
2 types of functional classification - ANSWER 1.synarthrotic (fibrous)
, 2. Amphiarthotic (cartilaginous)
3. Diarthrotic (synovial)
joints without cavity - ANSWER 1. fibrous- dense fibrous tissues joins bones
2. cartilaginous- fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
joints with joint cavity - ANSWER synovial- joint capsule joins bones
synarthrotic joints - ANSWER permit essentially no movement (fibrous)
amphiarthrotic joints - ANSWER moderate/little movement (cartilaginous)
diarthrotic joints - ANSWER freely moveable (ex. synovial joints)
Synovial joints always have - ANSWER -synovial fluid
-articular cavity
-articular cartilage
-articular capsule
-synovial membrane
-ligaments
-blood vessels
-sensory nerves
Synovial joints sometimes have - ANSWER -menisci
-fat pads
-labrum
-synovial plicae
Diarthosis - ANSWER freely movable joint
plant joint/nonaxial/gliding joints - ANSWER flat or slightly curved surfaces,
permits gliding/sliding movement, no axis
uniaxial joints - ANSWER hinge joints and pivot joints
hinge joints - ANSWER convex(spool like)/concave surfaces, permits
flexion/extension
pivot joints - ANSWER peg or tube and ring
biaxial joints - ANSWER condyloid and saddle
condyloid joint - ANSWER oval shaped bone that fits into a reciprocal concave
surface, permits flexion/extension, ab/adduction, circumduction
