6TH YEAR STATE EXAM WRITTEN STATE-
PEDIATRICS- GASTROENTEROLOGY
• 1
PED - 7.1
Zinc deficiency can occur in all undermentioned disorders,
except:
A) Acrodermatitis enteropathica
B) Hirschsprung disease
C) Coeliac disease
D) Phenylketonuria
E) Kwashiorkor
B) Hirschsprung disease
Hirschsprung disease is caused by the total or partial shortage,
or sometimes hypoplasia of the vegetative ganglion cells of
large bowel which lead to strictures in the involved part,
explaning the clinical symptoms, surgical intervention is the
necessary solution. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a specific
malabsorption of zinc, in coeliac disease the subtotal atrophy
caused by gluten leading to malabsorption including also the
trace elements. Phenylketonuria is a defect of pehylalanin-
hydroxalase enzyme which make necessary low phenylalanin
containing diet. Diet which is not properly balanced may cause
,zinc deficiency. Kawashiorkor is a severe protein-energy
malnutrition with oedema and may lead to deficiency of trace
elements.
• 2
PED - 7.2
It is true for children with encopresis all undermentioned
statements, except:
A) Its prevalence in average children's population is 1-3%
B) Among children with psychiatric disturbances the prevalence
is 5-7%
C) Its pathological base is the gluten sensitivity
D) Occurance is more frequent during day than night
E) Rectal stool impactation and constipation occur very
frequently
C) Its pathological base is the gluten sensitivity
Gliadin sensitivity provoke the pathological lesions in coeliac
disease and dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring. Encopresis is
pathological over 4 years of age, its form with retention is
caused by impactation of stool in the rectum. In the non-
retention form the proper habit of defecation is late or it is
happened not in the right time and place. This latter is caused
frequently by psychiatric disorders.
• 3
,PED - 7.3
All the undermentioned ones may be the causes of
constipation, except:
A) Psychological problem
B) Inaccurate diet
C) Megacolon congenitum
D) Overfunction of nervus vagus
E) Hypothyreosis
F) Insufficiency of abdominal muscle
G) Gastrointestinal allergy
D) Overfunction of nervus vagus
Constipation is symtoms developing from the distrubance of
storage, transport or emptiing ability of the large bowel. As a
consequence the number of stools less than three times weekly.
Its water content decreased (less than 60%) which explain the
hardness of the stool. Constipation is caused organic, but most
frequently from functional causes. Low fiber containing diet,
neurogenic cause, as Hirschsprung disease, psychogenic
problems, the decrease of stimulus for defecation, muscle
insufficiency, metabolic and endocrine disorders (such as
hypercalcemia, or hypothyreodism) may elicit constipation.
Constipation may occur in infants with cow's milk allergy
probably caused by rectal pain. Overfunction of nervus vagus
, increase the parasympathic effect on the colon increasing its
motility, therefore it cause diarrhea.
• 4
PED - 7.4
All of the undermentioned ones may be the causes of
constipation, except:
A) Idiopathic megacolon
B) Overdosage of vitamin D
C) Insufficient fluid intake
D) Salmonellosis
E) Muscular insufficienty
F) Rectal stenosis
D) Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis causes diarrhea or persist without symptoms,
however it never induce constipation. All other situations
mentioned in this test cause constipations.
• 5
PED - 7.5
All statements are characteristic for ascariasis, except:
A) This worm goes through maturation in both man and soil
B) It causes always eosinophilia
C) Eggs can be rarely seen in stool
PEDIATRICS- GASTROENTEROLOGY
• 1
PED - 7.1
Zinc deficiency can occur in all undermentioned disorders,
except:
A) Acrodermatitis enteropathica
B) Hirschsprung disease
C) Coeliac disease
D) Phenylketonuria
E) Kwashiorkor
B) Hirschsprung disease
Hirschsprung disease is caused by the total or partial shortage,
or sometimes hypoplasia of the vegetative ganglion cells of
large bowel which lead to strictures in the involved part,
explaning the clinical symptoms, surgical intervention is the
necessary solution. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a specific
malabsorption of zinc, in coeliac disease the subtotal atrophy
caused by gluten leading to malabsorption including also the
trace elements. Phenylketonuria is a defect of pehylalanin-
hydroxalase enzyme which make necessary low phenylalanin
containing diet. Diet which is not properly balanced may cause
,zinc deficiency. Kawashiorkor is a severe protein-energy
malnutrition with oedema and may lead to deficiency of trace
elements.
• 2
PED - 7.2
It is true for children with encopresis all undermentioned
statements, except:
A) Its prevalence in average children's population is 1-3%
B) Among children with psychiatric disturbances the prevalence
is 5-7%
C) Its pathological base is the gluten sensitivity
D) Occurance is more frequent during day than night
E) Rectal stool impactation and constipation occur very
frequently
C) Its pathological base is the gluten sensitivity
Gliadin sensitivity provoke the pathological lesions in coeliac
disease and dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring. Encopresis is
pathological over 4 years of age, its form with retention is
caused by impactation of stool in the rectum. In the non-
retention form the proper habit of defecation is late or it is
happened not in the right time and place. This latter is caused
frequently by psychiatric disorders.
• 3
,PED - 7.3
All the undermentioned ones may be the causes of
constipation, except:
A) Psychological problem
B) Inaccurate diet
C) Megacolon congenitum
D) Overfunction of nervus vagus
E) Hypothyreosis
F) Insufficiency of abdominal muscle
G) Gastrointestinal allergy
D) Overfunction of nervus vagus
Constipation is symtoms developing from the distrubance of
storage, transport or emptiing ability of the large bowel. As a
consequence the number of stools less than three times weekly.
Its water content decreased (less than 60%) which explain the
hardness of the stool. Constipation is caused organic, but most
frequently from functional causes. Low fiber containing diet,
neurogenic cause, as Hirschsprung disease, psychogenic
problems, the decrease of stimulus for defecation, muscle
insufficiency, metabolic and endocrine disorders (such as
hypercalcemia, or hypothyreodism) may elicit constipation.
Constipation may occur in infants with cow's milk allergy
probably caused by rectal pain. Overfunction of nervus vagus
, increase the parasympathic effect on the colon increasing its
motility, therefore it cause diarrhea.
• 4
PED - 7.4
All of the undermentioned ones may be the causes of
constipation, except:
A) Idiopathic megacolon
B) Overdosage of vitamin D
C) Insufficient fluid intake
D) Salmonellosis
E) Muscular insufficienty
F) Rectal stenosis
D) Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis causes diarrhea or persist without symptoms,
however it never induce constipation. All other situations
mentioned in this test cause constipations.
• 5
PED - 7.5
All statements are characteristic for ascariasis, except:
A) This worm goes through maturation in both man and soil
B) It causes always eosinophilia
C) Eggs can be rarely seen in stool
