RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
When is Rhogam given?
- ANSWER-o Given at 28 weeks and also within 72 hours of delivery
o Also given after abortion, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis
What is gravidity? Example.
- ANSWER-Number of pregnancies
Nulligravida: never been pregnant
Primigravida: first pregnancy
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
- ANSWER-Perceived by the woman
Signs: amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting
Urinary frequency, uterine enlargement
Breast changes (darkened areolae, enlarged Montgomery glands
Quickening
Define quickening. When does it occur?
- ANSWER-Quickening is the term used to describe when the mother first detects
fetal movements, usually at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation in a primigravida and 16
to 18 weeks of gestation in a multigravida.
What are probable signs of pregnancy?
- ANSWER-Perceived by the examiner
Signs: Abdominal enlargement, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by
examiner
Braxton Hicks contractions, Ballottement
Hegar's sign, Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign
What are Braxton Hicks contractions?
- ANSWER-false labor contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of
pregnancy; painless, irregular, and usually relieved by walking or changing
position
- if contractions increase in intensity and frequency (true contractions) with
regularity, notify provider
What is ballottement?
- ANSWER-Light tap of examining finger on cervix causes fetus to rise in
amniotic fluid & then rebound to original position (16-18 wks); used to diagnose
pregnancy
rebound of unengaged fetus
,RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
Hegar's sign
- ANSWER-softening and compressibility of lower uterus
Goodell's sign
- ANSWER-softening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign –
ANSWER-Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during
pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion.
What are positive signs of pregnancy?
- ANSWER-Fetal heart sounds
Fetal movement felt by examiner
Ultrasound visualization of fetus
During what week of pregnancy is the fetal heartbeat detectable?
- ANSWER-10 weeks; using a doppler device
How early can a fetus be visualized using an ultrasound?
- ANSWER-4-5weeks
What is the least effective method of contraception?
- ANSWER-Coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
Advantage: possible choice for monogamous couples
No protection against STIs
Usually influenced by male partner's control
What is the rhythm method?
- ANSWER-Also known as the "calendar method"
Abstinence during fertile periods
Woman records her menstrual cycle by calculating her fertile period
most useful when combined with basal body temperature or cervical mucus
method
How is the fertile period calculate?
- ANSWER-Record the number of days in each menstrual cycle for atleast 6
cycles (From beginning of first period to beginning of next period)
Subtract 18 days from the number of days in the woman's shortest cycle (start of
the fertile period)
Subtract 11 days from the number of days in the longest cycle (end of the fertile
period)
Example:
,RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
Shortest cycle: 26-18 = 8th day
Longest cycle: 30-11=19th day
Fertile period: days 8-19; avoid intercourse
When does ovulation occur?
- ANSWER-14 days before the onset of the menstrual cycle
How long is the sperm and ovum viable?
- ANSWER-sperm: 48-72 hours; takes 24 hours to fertilize an egg
ovum: 24 hours
(after ovulation)
How is basal body temperature used as a natural contraceptive method?
- ANSWER-Temperature can drop slightly at the time of ovulation
Monitored by measuring oral temp prior to getting out of bed each morning
What is the cervical mucus method of contraception?
- ANSWER-Spinnbarkeit sign; the ability of the mucus to stretch between the
fingers is greatest during ovulation
Begin examining mucus from the last day of the of the menstrual cycle; mucus is
obtained from the vaginal introitus
Do not douche prior to assessment
What is the spinnbarkeit sign?
- ANSWER-The time of the month when mucus can stretch between fingers is the
greatest. Cervical mucous is thin and flexible to allow for sperm viability and
motility. It means you are ovulating.
What can the cervical mucus method diagnose?
- ANSWER-Self evaluation of cervical mucus can be helpful in determining the
start of ovulation while breastfeeding, noting the commencement of menopause,
and planning a desired pregnancy
What are the advantages of male condoms?
- ANSWER-Protects against STIs
Involves the male in the birth control method
Readily accessible
What are the disadvantages of male condoms?
- ANSWER-Can reduce spontaneity of intercourse
High rate of noncompliance
Penis must be erect to apply
, RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
Withdrawing the penis while still erect can interfere with sexual intercourse
What type of lubricants can be used for latex condoms?
- ANSWER-ONLY water-soluble; this is to avoid condom breakage
What is a female condom (FC2)?
- ANSWER-Vaginal sheath made of nitrile, a nonlatex synthetic rubber, with
flexible rings on both ends; coated with silicone oil lubricant; 17cm long
Expensive (18.95)
Flexible inner closed ring inserted into vagina prior to intercourse and anchored
around the cervix to hold condom in place
wider external second ring (open ring) remains outside the vagina and covers the
labias
Can be inserted standing, sitting, squatting, lying down
Removed and thrown away after sex
What is the diaphragm and spermicide form of contraception?
- ANSWER-Dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim made of silicone that fits snugly
over the cervix with spermicidal cream or gel applied on dome and around the rim
Available in different sizes; client should be properly fitted with a diaphragm by a
provider (requires a prescription)
Empty bladder prior to insertion
Requires proper insertion and removal to be effective
Interferes with spontaneity; inconvenient
How often are diaphragms and cervical caps for contraception replaced?
- ANSWER-Every 2 years; and refitted for a 20% weight fluctuation, after
abdominal or pelvic surgery and after every pregnancy
When can a diaphragm or cervical cap for contraception be inserted into the vagina and
how long can it stay in for?
- ANSWER-Can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and must stay in
place 6 hours after intercourse
diaphragm: no more than 24 hours
cervical cap: no more than 48 hours
What are potential risks/complications associated with diaphragm contraceptive use? -
ANSWER-Risk for allergic reaction
Not recommended for clients who have a hx of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) or
frequent/recurrent UTIs; prevented by proper hand hygiene and removal of
diaphragm promptly at 6 hour after sex
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
When is Rhogam given?
- ANSWER-o Given at 28 weeks and also within 72 hours of delivery
o Also given after abortion, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis
What is gravidity? Example.
- ANSWER-Number of pregnancies
Nulligravida: never been pregnant
Primigravida: first pregnancy
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
- ANSWER-Perceived by the woman
Signs: amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting
Urinary frequency, uterine enlargement
Breast changes (darkened areolae, enlarged Montgomery glands
Quickening
Define quickening. When does it occur?
- ANSWER-Quickening is the term used to describe when the mother first detects
fetal movements, usually at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation in a primigravida and 16
to 18 weeks of gestation in a multigravida.
What are probable signs of pregnancy?
- ANSWER-Perceived by the examiner
Signs: Abdominal enlargement, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by
examiner
Braxton Hicks contractions, Ballottement
Hegar's sign, Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign
What are Braxton Hicks contractions?
- ANSWER-false labor contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of
pregnancy; painless, irregular, and usually relieved by walking or changing
position
- if contractions increase in intensity and frequency (true contractions) with
regularity, notify provider
What is ballottement?
- ANSWER-Light tap of examining finger on cervix causes fetus to rise in
amniotic fluid & then rebound to original position (16-18 wks); used to diagnose
pregnancy
rebound of unengaged fetus
,RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
Hegar's sign
- ANSWER-softening and compressibility of lower uterus
Goodell's sign
- ANSWER-softening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign –
ANSWER-Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during
pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion.
What are positive signs of pregnancy?
- ANSWER-Fetal heart sounds
Fetal movement felt by examiner
Ultrasound visualization of fetus
During what week of pregnancy is the fetal heartbeat detectable?
- ANSWER-10 weeks; using a doppler device
How early can a fetus be visualized using an ultrasound?
- ANSWER-4-5weeks
What is the least effective method of contraception?
- ANSWER-Coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
Advantage: possible choice for monogamous couples
No protection against STIs
Usually influenced by male partner's control
What is the rhythm method?
- ANSWER-Also known as the "calendar method"
Abstinence during fertile periods
Woman records her menstrual cycle by calculating her fertile period
most useful when combined with basal body temperature or cervical mucus
method
How is the fertile period calculate?
- ANSWER-Record the number of days in each menstrual cycle for atleast 6
cycles (From beginning of first period to beginning of next period)
Subtract 18 days from the number of days in the woman's shortest cycle (start of
the fertile period)
Subtract 11 days from the number of days in the longest cycle (end of the fertile
period)
Example:
,RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
Shortest cycle: 26-18 = 8th day
Longest cycle: 30-11=19th day
Fertile period: days 8-19; avoid intercourse
When does ovulation occur?
- ANSWER-14 days before the onset of the menstrual cycle
How long is the sperm and ovum viable?
- ANSWER-sperm: 48-72 hours; takes 24 hours to fertilize an egg
ovum: 24 hours
(after ovulation)
How is basal body temperature used as a natural contraceptive method?
- ANSWER-Temperature can drop slightly at the time of ovulation
Monitored by measuring oral temp prior to getting out of bed each morning
What is the cervical mucus method of contraception?
- ANSWER-Spinnbarkeit sign; the ability of the mucus to stretch between the
fingers is greatest during ovulation
Begin examining mucus from the last day of the of the menstrual cycle; mucus is
obtained from the vaginal introitus
Do not douche prior to assessment
What is the spinnbarkeit sign?
- ANSWER-The time of the month when mucus can stretch between fingers is the
greatest. Cervical mucous is thin and flexible to allow for sperm viability and
motility. It means you are ovulating.
What can the cervical mucus method diagnose?
- ANSWER-Self evaluation of cervical mucus can be helpful in determining the
start of ovulation while breastfeeding, noting the commencement of menopause,
and planning a desired pregnancy
What are the advantages of male condoms?
- ANSWER-Protects against STIs
Involves the male in the birth control method
Readily accessible
What are the disadvantages of male condoms?
- ANSWER-Can reduce spontaneity of intercourse
High rate of noncompliance
Penis must be erect to apply
, RN Maternal newborn ati proctored
exam.LATEST VERSION 2024 REVISED
100% CORRECT
Withdrawing the penis while still erect can interfere with sexual intercourse
What type of lubricants can be used for latex condoms?
- ANSWER-ONLY water-soluble; this is to avoid condom breakage
What is a female condom (FC2)?
- ANSWER-Vaginal sheath made of nitrile, a nonlatex synthetic rubber, with
flexible rings on both ends; coated with silicone oil lubricant; 17cm long
Expensive (18.95)
Flexible inner closed ring inserted into vagina prior to intercourse and anchored
around the cervix to hold condom in place
wider external second ring (open ring) remains outside the vagina and covers the
labias
Can be inserted standing, sitting, squatting, lying down
Removed and thrown away after sex
What is the diaphragm and spermicide form of contraception?
- ANSWER-Dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim made of silicone that fits snugly
over the cervix with spermicidal cream or gel applied on dome and around the rim
Available in different sizes; client should be properly fitted with a diaphragm by a
provider (requires a prescription)
Empty bladder prior to insertion
Requires proper insertion and removal to be effective
Interferes with spontaneity; inconvenient
How often are diaphragms and cervical caps for contraception replaced?
- ANSWER-Every 2 years; and refitted for a 20% weight fluctuation, after
abdominal or pelvic surgery and after every pregnancy
When can a diaphragm or cervical cap for contraception be inserted into the vagina and
how long can it stay in for?
- ANSWER-Can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and must stay in
place 6 hours after intercourse
diaphragm: no more than 24 hours
cervical cap: no more than 48 hours
What are potential risks/complications associated with diaphragm contraceptive use? -
ANSWER-Risk for allergic reaction
Not recommended for clients who have a hx of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) or
frequent/recurrent UTIs; prevented by proper hand hygiene and removal of
diaphragm promptly at 6 hour after sex
