ABDOMEN 2 – DIGESTIVE ORGAN COURSE
CODE: 2020GENGE1 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027
Section A: Multiple Choice (1-40)
1. Which structure marks the transition from the foregut to the midgut?
A) Ligament of Treitz
B) Pylorus
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: A) Ligament of Treitz
Rationale: The ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle of the duodenum) is the anatomical landmark
dividing the foregut (supplied by the celiac trunk) from the midgut (supplied by the superior mesenteric
artery).
2. A patient presents with pain in the epigastric region that radiates to the back, relieved by leaning
forward. Which organ is most likely involved?
A) Gallbladder
B) Stomach
C) Pancreas
D) Appendix
Answer: C) Pancreas
Rationale: Retroperitoneal organs like the pancreas often refer pain to the back. Leaning forward
relieves tension on the pancreatic capsule, a classic sign of pancreatitis.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine mucosa?
A) Presence of villi
B) Presence of plicae circulares
C) Presence of teniae coli
D) Presence of Brunner’s glands
Answer: C) Presence of teniae coli
, Rationale: Teniae coli are three separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle unique to the large
intestine (except the appendix and rectum). Villi and plicae circulares are found in the small intestine.
4. What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?
A) Bile production
B) Glycogen storage
C) Phagocytosis of old red blood cells and pathogens
D) Production of clotting factors
Answer: C) Phagocytosis of old red blood cells and pathogens
Rationale: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver sinusoids, forming part of the
mononuclear phagocyte system.
5. Portal hypertension is most directly defined as an increase in pressure in which vessel?
A) Hepatic artery
B) Hepatic vein
C) Portal vein
D) Inferior vena cava
Answer: C) Portal vein
Rationale: Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient exceeding 5 mmHg,
resulting from increased resistance or blood flow in the portal venous system.
6. Which cell type in the stomach secretes intrinsic factor?
A) Chief cells
B) Parietal cells
C) G cells
D) Mucous neck cells
Answer: B) Parietal cells
Rationale: Parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, which is essential for
vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.
7. The appendix is located in which abdominal quadrant?
A) Right upper quadrant
B) Left upper quadrant
C) Right lower quadrant
D) Left lower quadrant
Answer: C) Right lower quadrant
Rationale: The appendix is typically located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) at McBurney’s point.
8. Which of the following is NOT a component of the portal triad?
A) Hepatic artery
B) Portal vein
C) Central vein
CODE: 2020GENGE1 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027
Section A: Multiple Choice (1-40)
1. Which structure marks the transition from the foregut to the midgut?
A) Ligament of Treitz
B) Pylorus
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Sphincter of Oddi
Answer: A) Ligament of Treitz
Rationale: The ligament of Treitz (suspensory muscle of the duodenum) is the anatomical landmark
dividing the foregut (supplied by the celiac trunk) from the midgut (supplied by the superior mesenteric
artery).
2. A patient presents with pain in the epigastric region that radiates to the back, relieved by leaning
forward. Which organ is most likely involved?
A) Gallbladder
B) Stomach
C) Pancreas
D) Appendix
Answer: C) Pancreas
Rationale: Retroperitoneal organs like the pancreas often refer pain to the back. Leaning forward
relieves tension on the pancreatic capsule, a classic sign of pancreatitis.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine mucosa?
A) Presence of villi
B) Presence of plicae circulares
C) Presence of teniae coli
D) Presence of Brunner’s glands
Answer: C) Presence of teniae coli
, Rationale: Teniae coli are three separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle unique to the large
intestine (except the appendix and rectum). Villi and plicae circulares are found in the small intestine.
4. What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?
A) Bile production
B) Glycogen storage
C) Phagocytosis of old red blood cells and pathogens
D) Production of clotting factors
Answer: C) Phagocytosis of old red blood cells and pathogens
Rationale: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver sinusoids, forming part of the
mononuclear phagocyte system.
5. Portal hypertension is most directly defined as an increase in pressure in which vessel?
A) Hepatic artery
B) Hepatic vein
C) Portal vein
D) Inferior vena cava
Answer: C) Portal vein
Rationale: Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient exceeding 5 mmHg,
resulting from increased resistance or blood flow in the portal venous system.
6. Which cell type in the stomach secretes intrinsic factor?
A) Chief cells
B) Parietal cells
C) G cells
D) Mucous neck cells
Answer: B) Parietal cells
Rationale: Parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, which is essential for
vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.
7. The appendix is located in which abdominal quadrant?
A) Right upper quadrant
B) Left upper quadrant
C) Right lower quadrant
D) Left lower quadrant
Answer: C) Right lower quadrant
Rationale: The appendix is typically located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) at McBurney’s point.
8. Which of the following is NOT a component of the portal triad?
A) Hepatic artery
B) Portal vein
C) Central vein
