Neuro Rehab Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers
/. Stroke is the leading cause of _____ in the US - Answer-✅long-term disability
/.what kind of stroke is classified as decreased blood flow to the brain? - Answer-
✅Ischemic stroke
/.what kind of stroke is classified as bleeding into the brain? - Answer-✅Hemorrhagic
stroke
/.what kind of stroke is the most common? - Answer-✅Ischemic stroke
/.what kind of stroke has a high mortality rate? - Answer-✅Hemorrhagic stroke
/.what are the 3 types of Ischemic stroke? - Answer-✅1. Thrombotic
2. Embolic
3. Watershed
/.This kind of ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot that forms in the brain - Answer-
✅Thrombotic stroke
/.what is the most common cause of Thrombotic strokes? - Answer-✅atherosclerosis of
brain vessels
/.This kind of ischemic stroke is caused by a clot that forms in the periphery and travels
to the brain - Answer-✅Embolic stroke
/.This kind of ischemic stroke is caused by a lack of arterial blood supply to the brain -
Answer-✅Watershed stroke
/.what is the most common cause of a Watershed stroke? - Answer-✅systemic
hypotension
/.what parts of the brain are most impacted by a Watershed stroke? - Answer-✅where
MCA and ACA overlap
where MCA and PCA overlap
/.why is a lack of oxygen so harmful to the brain? - Answer-✅It causes an ischemic
cascade that leads to apoptosis (cell death)
,/.Describe what happens during an ischemic cascade - Answer-✅1. neurons cannot
produce ATP due to lack of blood
2. No ATP causes:
-Na+/K+ pump stops working which causes cytotoxic edema due to influx of H2O
-Na+/Ca++ pump stops working causing excitation of neurotransmitters, and an
increase of free radicals and degenerative enzymes
/.What is the Ischemic core? is recovery expected? - Answer-✅area of the brain with a
complete lack of O2 - recovery not expected
/.what is the Pneumbra? is recovery expected? - Answer-✅area of the brain with
impaired blood flow - recovery is possible is blood flow is restored
/.cause and effect of cerebral edema - Answer-✅cause: ischemic cascade leading to
influx of H2O because of built of Na+
effect: increased intracranial pressure
/.what is a TIA? - Answer-✅temporary blockage of circulation that causes stroke sx but
resolves within 24 hours (usually 5-20min)
/.what is the significance of a TIA? - Answer-✅Usually a warning sign for future strokes
(15% have strokes after a TIA)
/.why are Epidural and Subdural Hematomas not considered "strokes"? - Answer-
✅because of the location of their vessels, they are considered traumatic injuries
/.what is the most common cause of an Epidural Hematoma? - Answer-✅trauma (TBI)
/.what Hematoma is arterial and presents with immediate sx? - Answer-✅Epidural
Hematoma
/.what Hematoma is venous and has delayed sx? - Answer-✅Subdural Hematoma
/.what is the most common cause of Subdural Hematoma? - Answer-✅trauma (TBI)
/.what type of hemorrhage occurs in between the arachnoid and pia matter of the brain?
- Answer-✅Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
/.what is the most common cause of an Intracerebral Hemorrhage? - Answer-✅ruptured
aneurysm or AVM
/.what type of Hemorrhage occurs inside the brain tissue? - Answer-✅Intracerebral
Hemorrhage
/.where are most of the major blood vessels of the brain located? - Answer-
✅Subarachnoid space
, /.what are the 3 types of Hemorrhagic stroke? - Answer-✅1. Aneurysm
2. AVM
3. unknown
/.what are the 2 types of aneurysms? - Answer-✅1. Saccular: only one side of the
vessel wall is dilated
2. Berry: both sides of the vessel are dilated
/.aneurysms are most common where? - Answer-✅anterior circulation (85%)
/.what is the most common type of Hemorrhagic stroke? - Answer-✅Ruptured aneurysm
/.what is an AVM? - Answer-✅Arteriovenous Malformation: congenital malformation that
causes thin capillary walls
/.why is bleeding in the brain detrimental? - Answer-✅-blood is taking up room inside a
closed space
-blood sitting on the brain is irritating and can cause vasospasms and secondary
strokes
/.where geographically are stroke most common in the US? - Answer-✅Southern states
- "Stroke Belt"
/.T/F: stroke is directly related to income - Answer-✅True
/.what percent of strokes are recurrent? - Answer-✅25%
/.what are the most common risk factors for stroke? - Answer-✅-Cardiovascular disease
-Afib
-Cardiac/blood disorders
-TIA
-Previous stroke
-Diabetes
-Metabolic Syndrome
-Female
-Lifestyle choices
-Sleep apnea/disturbances
-Genetics
/.what are the most common risk factors for pediatric stroke? - Answer-✅-congenital
heart disease
-brain infection
-TBI
-sickle cell disease
-autoimmune disorders
Correct Answers
/. Stroke is the leading cause of _____ in the US - Answer-✅long-term disability
/.what kind of stroke is classified as decreased blood flow to the brain? - Answer-
✅Ischemic stroke
/.what kind of stroke is classified as bleeding into the brain? - Answer-✅Hemorrhagic
stroke
/.what kind of stroke is the most common? - Answer-✅Ischemic stroke
/.what kind of stroke has a high mortality rate? - Answer-✅Hemorrhagic stroke
/.what are the 3 types of Ischemic stroke? - Answer-✅1. Thrombotic
2. Embolic
3. Watershed
/.This kind of ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot that forms in the brain - Answer-
✅Thrombotic stroke
/.what is the most common cause of Thrombotic strokes? - Answer-✅atherosclerosis of
brain vessels
/.This kind of ischemic stroke is caused by a clot that forms in the periphery and travels
to the brain - Answer-✅Embolic stroke
/.This kind of ischemic stroke is caused by a lack of arterial blood supply to the brain -
Answer-✅Watershed stroke
/.what is the most common cause of a Watershed stroke? - Answer-✅systemic
hypotension
/.what parts of the brain are most impacted by a Watershed stroke? - Answer-✅where
MCA and ACA overlap
where MCA and PCA overlap
/.why is a lack of oxygen so harmful to the brain? - Answer-✅It causes an ischemic
cascade that leads to apoptosis (cell death)
,/.Describe what happens during an ischemic cascade - Answer-✅1. neurons cannot
produce ATP due to lack of blood
2. No ATP causes:
-Na+/K+ pump stops working which causes cytotoxic edema due to influx of H2O
-Na+/Ca++ pump stops working causing excitation of neurotransmitters, and an
increase of free radicals and degenerative enzymes
/.What is the Ischemic core? is recovery expected? - Answer-✅area of the brain with a
complete lack of O2 - recovery not expected
/.what is the Pneumbra? is recovery expected? - Answer-✅area of the brain with
impaired blood flow - recovery is possible is blood flow is restored
/.cause and effect of cerebral edema - Answer-✅cause: ischemic cascade leading to
influx of H2O because of built of Na+
effect: increased intracranial pressure
/.what is a TIA? - Answer-✅temporary blockage of circulation that causes stroke sx but
resolves within 24 hours (usually 5-20min)
/.what is the significance of a TIA? - Answer-✅Usually a warning sign for future strokes
(15% have strokes after a TIA)
/.why are Epidural and Subdural Hematomas not considered "strokes"? - Answer-
✅because of the location of their vessels, they are considered traumatic injuries
/.what is the most common cause of an Epidural Hematoma? - Answer-✅trauma (TBI)
/.what Hematoma is arterial and presents with immediate sx? - Answer-✅Epidural
Hematoma
/.what Hematoma is venous and has delayed sx? - Answer-✅Subdural Hematoma
/.what is the most common cause of Subdural Hematoma? - Answer-✅trauma (TBI)
/.what type of hemorrhage occurs in between the arachnoid and pia matter of the brain?
- Answer-✅Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
/.what is the most common cause of an Intracerebral Hemorrhage? - Answer-✅ruptured
aneurysm or AVM
/.what type of Hemorrhage occurs inside the brain tissue? - Answer-✅Intracerebral
Hemorrhage
/.where are most of the major blood vessels of the brain located? - Answer-
✅Subarachnoid space
, /.what are the 3 types of Hemorrhagic stroke? - Answer-✅1. Aneurysm
2. AVM
3. unknown
/.what are the 2 types of aneurysms? - Answer-✅1. Saccular: only one side of the
vessel wall is dilated
2. Berry: both sides of the vessel are dilated
/.aneurysms are most common where? - Answer-✅anterior circulation (85%)
/.what is the most common type of Hemorrhagic stroke? - Answer-✅Ruptured aneurysm
/.what is an AVM? - Answer-✅Arteriovenous Malformation: congenital malformation that
causes thin capillary walls
/.why is bleeding in the brain detrimental? - Answer-✅-blood is taking up room inside a
closed space
-blood sitting on the brain is irritating and can cause vasospasms and secondary
strokes
/.where geographically are stroke most common in the US? - Answer-✅Southern states
- "Stroke Belt"
/.T/F: stroke is directly related to income - Answer-✅True
/.what percent of strokes are recurrent? - Answer-✅25%
/.what are the most common risk factors for stroke? - Answer-✅-Cardiovascular disease
-Afib
-Cardiac/blood disorders
-TIA
-Previous stroke
-Diabetes
-Metabolic Syndrome
-Female
-Lifestyle choices
-Sleep apnea/disturbances
-Genetics
/.what are the most common risk factors for pediatric stroke? - Answer-✅-congenital
heart disease
-brain infection
-TBI
-sickle cell disease
-autoimmune disorders
