CSMLS REVIEW HISTOLOGY WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100%

CSMLS REVIEW HISTOLOGY WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% Grossing - Correct Answer described tissues (size, weight, colour) Large tissue take section (want outer edge of bad and some normal, and lymph nodes) small tissue do whole thing Put in formalin to start to fix Immunoflourescent studies not fixed Brain fixed several days before being grossed (large container) via circle of willis avoid cone head artifact (big enough container req) Uterus (cut open and then fixed) cervix is of concern and fibroids Masectomy prolonged fixation lung inflated with formalin Hematology = mercury fixative (spleen) sliced first (capsule slows fixation) Dictation of what is in each cassette Fixation Delay - Correct Answer If not done properly cannot be corrected Goal is to preserve morphology If delayed - cell swelling (larger), due to osmotic balance water accumulated - glassy cytoplasm (clearer), glycogen is used up -Eosinophilia: use of glycogen = lactic acid, lower pH, denature proteins, increase pos, increase eosin, organelles (RER) broken down decreased Hx - Surface changes: low pH denature filaments, lose cell attachments (Desmosomes), desquamation (CHAOS) - Nuclear changes: lysosomes need exact pH to keep enzymes inactive (need E), when gone enzymes active = nuclease Karyolysis: Chromatin fades Pyknosis: nucleus shrinks and dark Karyorrhexis: Fragment nucleus Putrefaction: bacteria proliferate, enzymes damage tissues Autolysis: damage tissue no nuclei Types of fixatives - Correct Answer Chemical - change protein shape (denature) inactive enzymes Picric acid, formaldehyde, mercuric chloride, dichromate, osmium tetroxide, zinc salts, alcohol Physical - heat removes water, changing shape inactive enzymes Air dried (heme malignancy) post fixed with methanol Coating fixatives = spray covers Fluid specimens - centrifuge and then smear Chemical Fixative details (coagulant) - Correct Answer Coagulant fixatives (type of chemical) Alcohol (smears) Acetic acid(w/others)inc nuclear detail Acetone= fix frozen sections Mercury (not used alone= compound) enhanced nuclear staining (hematology) toxic and corrosive ARTIFACT black pigment (not around blood - like formalin pigment, ****remove with lugol's iodine and sodium thiosulphate) Zinc sulfate safer than mercury Ag preservation, stabilizes protein conformation (histidine and cysteine) Picric acid (phenol) (coagulation/additive) also a stain fix with alcohol after (keeps salt picrates that are formed) *** explosive when dry improved staining with anionic dyes bc acid has yellow colour removed with washing in high pH Aldehyde Fixatives - Correct Answer Non-coa