NEUROMODULATION
Comprehensive Textbook of Principles,
Technologies, and Therapies
SECOND EDITION
Volume 1
Edited by
Elliot S. Krames
P. Hunter Peckham
Ali R. Rezai
,Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom
525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States
50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
First edition 2009
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies
and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency,
can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as
may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any
information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be
mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any
injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-12-805353-9 (Set)
ISBN: 978-0-12-802766-0 (Volume 1)
ISBN: 978-0-12-802765-3 (Volume 2)
ISBN: 978-0-12-814714-6 (Volume 3)
For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at
https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher: Nikki Levy
Acquisition Editor: Melanie Tucker
Developmental Editor: Kathy Padilla
Production Project Manager: Sujatha Thirugnana Sambandam
Cover Designer: Mathew Limbert
Typeset by TNQ Books and Journals
, I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of John Oakley, Sam Hassenbusch, and Kris Kumar,
who, in my estimation, were giants in the field.
Elliott S. Krames
I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of Jim Jatich, a true neuromodulation pioneer. Jim was the first
person to receive our implantable stimulator that provided him with hand function for 27 years after his spinal
cord injury. Jim, and many others who have had the bravery to participate in clinical research, continues to enable
advancements that benefit others with greater independence and quality of their lives.
P. Hunter Peckham
I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of my brother Alex Rezai, my patients, mentors,
and colleagues who have inspired me throughout my career.
Ali R. Rezai
, List of Contributors
D. Michael Ackermann Allergan, San Francisco, CA, Allison Foster ABI Rehabilitation, Auckland, New Zealand
United States Lynne V. Gauthier The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Abidemi B. Ajiboye Case Western Reserve University, OH, United States
Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland Lydia C. George The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, United States
OH, United States
Christy Gomez University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Brendan Z. Allison National Center for Adaptive IL, United States
Neurotechnologies, Albany, NY, United States; University
Amy M. Goodman University of California, San Francisco,
of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
CA, United States
Giancarlo Barolat Barolat Neuroscience, Denver, CO,
Warren M. Grill Duke University, Durham, NC,
United States
United States
Narendra Bhadra Case Western Reserve University,
Robert E. Gross Emory University School of Medicine,
Cleveland, OH, United States
Atlanta, GA, United States
Niloy Bhadra Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Yun Guan The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
OH, United States
United States
Charles D. Blaha Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Seth Hara Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Chad E. Bouton Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at
James Harris ECS Federal, Arlington, VA, United States
Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
Bin He University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
Kerry Bradley Clinical Science & Research, Nevro
United States
Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
Jeffrey A. Herron Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, MN,
Jeffrey R. Capadona Case Western Reserve University,
United States
Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland
VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States Harry A. Hoyen Case Western Reserve University,
MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio,
Stuart F. Cogan University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson,
United States
TX, United States
Michael G. Kaplitt Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY,
Jeffrey W. Cozzens Southern Illinois University School of
United States
Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
Michael W. Keith Case Western Reserve University,
William Cusack St Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio,
Pierre-Francois D’Haese Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
TN, United States
Alexander R. Kent St Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA,
Benoit M. Dawant Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
United States
Kevin L. Kilgore Case Western Reserve University,
William C. de Groat University of Pittsburgh School of Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH,
Dirk De Ridder University of Otago, Dunedin, United States; MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH,
New Zealand; St Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium United States
Timothy Denison Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, MN, Robert F. Kirsch Case Western Reserve University,
United States Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland
Jeffery J. Dolce Pain and Rehabilitation Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland,
Birmingham, AL, United States OH, United States
Daniel M. Doleys Pain and Rehabilitation Institute, Gary Kocharian Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY,
Birmingham, AL, United States United States
John P. Donoghue Wyss Center for Bio and Peter E. Konrad Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,
Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland; Brown University United States
Providence, Rhode Island, USA Jeffery Kramer St Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA, United
Lars E. Larsen Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium States; University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, United States
Steven M. Falowski St. Luke’s Neurosurgical Associates, Elliot S. Krames Pacific Pain Treatment Center,
Bethlehem, PA, United States San Francisco, CA, United States
ix
Comprehensive Textbook of Principles,
Technologies, and Therapies
SECOND EDITION
Volume 1
Edited by
Elliot S. Krames
P. Hunter Peckham
Ali R. Rezai
,Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom
525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States
50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
First edition 2009
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies
and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency,
can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as
may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any
information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be
mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any
injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-12-805353-9 (Set)
ISBN: 978-0-12-802766-0 (Volume 1)
ISBN: 978-0-12-802765-3 (Volume 2)
ISBN: 978-0-12-814714-6 (Volume 3)
For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at
https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher: Nikki Levy
Acquisition Editor: Melanie Tucker
Developmental Editor: Kathy Padilla
Production Project Manager: Sujatha Thirugnana Sambandam
Cover Designer: Mathew Limbert
Typeset by TNQ Books and Journals
, I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of John Oakley, Sam Hassenbusch, and Kris Kumar,
who, in my estimation, were giants in the field.
Elliott S. Krames
I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of Jim Jatich, a true neuromodulation pioneer. Jim was the first
person to receive our implantable stimulator that provided him with hand function for 27 years after his spinal
cord injury. Jim, and many others who have had the bravery to participate in clinical research, continues to enable
advancements that benefit others with greater independence and quality of their lives.
P. Hunter Peckham
I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of my brother Alex Rezai, my patients, mentors,
and colleagues who have inspired me throughout my career.
Ali R. Rezai
, List of Contributors
D. Michael Ackermann Allergan, San Francisco, CA, Allison Foster ABI Rehabilitation, Auckland, New Zealand
United States Lynne V. Gauthier The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Abidemi B. Ajiboye Case Western Reserve University, OH, United States
Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland Lydia C. George The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, United States
OH, United States
Christy Gomez University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Brendan Z. Allison National Center for Adaptive IL, United States
Neurotechnologies, Albany, NY, United States; University
Amy M. Goodman University of California, San Francisco,
of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
CA, United States
Giancarlo Barolat Barolat Neuroscience, Denver, CO,
Warren M. Grill Duke University, Durham, NC,
United States
United States
Narendra Bhadra Case Western Reserve University,
Robert E. Gross Emory University School of Medicine,
Cleveland, OH, United States
Atlanta, GA, United States
Niloy Bhadra Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Yun Guan The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
OH, United States
United States
Charles D. Blaha Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Seth Hara Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Chad E. Bouton Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at
James Harris ECS Federal, Arlington, VA, United States
Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
Bin He University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
Kerry Bradley Clinical Science & Research, Nevro
United States
Corporation, Redwood City, CA, United States
Jeffrey A. Herron Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, MN,
Jeffrey R. Capadona Case Western Reserve University,
United States
Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland
VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States Harry A. Hoyen Case Western Reserve University,
MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio,
Stuart F. Cogan University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson,
United States
TX, United States
Michael G. Kaplitt Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY,
Jeffrey W. Cozzens Southern Illinois University School of
United States
Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
Michael W. Keith Case Western Reserve University,
William Cusack St Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio,
Pierre-Francois D’Haese Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
TN, United States
Alexander R. Kent St Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA,
Benoit M. Dawant Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
United States
Kevin L. Kilgore Case Western Reserve University,
William C. de Groat University of Pittsburgh School of Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH,
Dirk De Ridder University of Otago, Dunedin, United States; MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH,
New Zealand; St Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium United States
Timothy Denison Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, MN, Robert F. Kirsch Case Western Reserve University,
United States Cleveland, Ohio, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland
Jeffery J. Dolce Pain and Rehabilitation Institute, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland,
Birmingham, AL, United States OH, United States
Daniel M. Doleys Pain and Rehabilitation Institute, Gary Kocharian Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY,
Birmingham, AL, United States United States
John P. Donoghue Wyss Center for Bio and Peter E. Konrad Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,
Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland; Brown University United States
Providence, Rhode Island, USA Jeffery Kramer St Jude Medical, Sunnyvale, CA, United
Lars E. Larsen Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium States; University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, United States
Steven M. Falowski St. Luke’s Neurosurgical Associates, Elliot S. Krames Pacific Pain Treatment Center,
Bethlehem, PA, United States San Francisco, CA, United States
ix
