2
NURS 609 C Newest Exam with precise || || || || || || ||
detailed solutions ||
Thin stratum corneum (outermost layer of the epidermis) - ✔✔-Affects infants & toddlers until
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
age 2-3, when skin becomes thicker due to daily friction & pressure
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
-Thin skin (can see vessels); increased absorption of topical drugs, risk of burns, prone to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hypothermia & dehydration || ||
Thin layer of SQ fat - ✔✔-Affects neonates
|| || || || || || ||
-Temperature control ||
Epidermis is more loosely bound to dermis - ✔✔-Infants & early school age children
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
-Easy separation leads to easy blistering
|| || || || ||
-Prone to superficial bacterial infections and systemic symptoms w/ skin infections
|| || || || || || || || || ||
sebaceous glands - ✔✔Are active in neonate b/c of maternal androgen levels and again @
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
puberty due to hormonal changes
|| || || ||
-Neonates & adolescents || ||
-Milia in neonates (acne for neonates)
|| || || || ||
-Acne in teenagers || ||
Eccrine glands - ✔✔Functional @ birth; full function at 2-3 years
|| || || || || || || || || ||
-Infants; toddlers until preschool age || || || ||
-Palmar sweating occurs; pain assessment in neonates
|| || || || || ||
,2
Apocrine glands - ✔✔not functioning until puberty
|| || || || || ||
-Adolescents
-Apocrine glands cause body odor || || || ||
Production of melanin - ✔✔reaches adult levels by adolescents
|| || || || || || || ||
-Infants; children until adolescents
|| || ||
-Skin color changes as child ages
|| || || || ||
skin UNTIL AGE 2 - ✔✔Greater body surface area
|| || || || || || || || ||
-Infants, toddlers until 2 || || ||
- Increased exposure to topical drugs (possible toxicity)
|| || || || || || ||
b/c of cephalocaudal development. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference from -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔birth to age 2 || || ||
-Larger head means potential for injury; lots of head trauma in this age group
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Head at birth - ✔✔Cranial structures are not fully fused @ birth to accommodate brain growth
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Posterior Fontanel closes @ - ✔✔2 months
|| || || || || ||
Anterior Fontanel closes @ - ✔✔12-18 months
|| || || || || ||
full/ bulging anterior fontanel means? - ✔✔increased ICP
|| || || || || || ||
,2
sunken fontanel means? - ✔✔Dehydration || || || ||
When does neck Lengthen? - ✔✔3-4 years
|| || || || || ||
infants under 3-4 short neck and prominent occiput what does it mean? - ✔✔-prone to injury
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
-airway structures are close together || || || ||
-difficult intubation in this age group || || || || ||
Eye structure & function are immature at - ✔✔Birth
|| || || || || || || ||
Pupils are small w/ poor reflex until - ✔✔5 months
|| || || || || || || || ||
Transient nystagmus & esotropia (eye facing inward) in - ✔✔neonates younger than 6 months is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal
Irises have little pigment till - ✔✔6-12 months
|| || || || || || ||
Vision underdeveloped at - ✔✔Birth
|| || || ||
infants fixate eyes at - ✔✔4 months || || || || || ||
color vision by - ✔✔8 months
|| || || || ||
children are farsighted until - ✔✔-6-7 years (School age)
|| || || || || || || ||
- Affects vision exam
|| || ||
, 2
Weak abdominal musculature; abdomen is protuberant in - ✔✔NEONATES
|| || || || || || || ||
Weak abdominal musculature; abdomen is prominent while standing but flat when supine in -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Toddlers
What contributes to "pot-bellied" appearance in infants and toddlers - ✔✔weak abdominal
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
musculature and Liver and spleen are not well protected || || || || || || || ||
abdomen larger than chest in - ✔✔-Infants, children until age 4 years
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Distended or scaphoid abdomen is indicative of - ✔✔a pathological finding
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Abdomen is cylindrical in shape - ✔✔Infants
|| || || || || ||
Peristalsis may be visible and may indicate a pathologic finding such as pyloric stenosis in -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Infants
Abdominal contour changes to adult shape by - ✔✔Adolescence
|| || || || || || || ||
Stomach lies in Transverse plain in - ✔✔Infants, toddlers until age 2 years
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
-Affects normal area for auscultation and palpation during physical examination
|| || || || || || || || ||
Gastric pH is alkalotic at - ✔✔Birth
|| || || || || ||
- Affects oral medication absorption, increases incidence of gastroesophageal reflux
|| || || || || || || || ||
Gastric acid production slowly increases to adult levels by - ✔✔2 years
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
NURS 609 C Newest Exam with precise || || || || || || ||
detailed solutions ||
Thin stratum corneum (outermost layer of the epidermis) - ✔✔-Affects infants & toddlers until
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
age 2-3, when skin becomes thicker due to daily friction & pressure
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
-Thin skin (can see vessels); increased absorption of topical drugs, risk of burns, prone to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
hypothermia & dehydration || ||
Thin layer of SQ fat - ✔✔-Affects neonates
|| || || || || || ||
-Temperature control ||
Epidermis is more loosely bound to dermis - ✔✔-Infants & early school age children
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
-Easy separation leads to easy blistering
|| || || || ||
-Prone to superficial bacterial infections and systemic symptoms w/ skin infections
|| || || || || || || || || ||
sebaceous glands - ✔✔Are active in neonate b/c of maternal androgen levels and again @
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
puberty due to hormonal changes
|| || || ||
-Neonates & adolescents || ||
-Milia in neonates (acne for neonates)
|| || || || ||
-Acne in teenagers || ||
Eccrine glands - ✔✔Functional @ birth; full function at 2-3 years
|| || || || || || || || || ||
-Infants; toddlers until preschool age || || || ||
-Palmar sweating occurs; pain assessment in neonates
|| || || || || ||
,2
Apocrine glands - ✔✔not functioning until puberty
|| || || || || ||
-Adolescents
-Apocrine glands cause body odor || || || ||
Production of melanin - ✔✔reaches adult levels by adolescents
|| || || || || || || ||
-Infants; children until adolescents
|| || ||
-Skin color changes as child ages
|| || || || ||
skin UNTIL AGE 2 - ✔✔Greater body surface area
|| || || || || || || || ||
-Infants, toddlers until 2 || || ||
- Increased exposure to topical drugs (possible toxicity)
|| || || || || || ||
b/c of cephalocaudal development. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference from -
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔birth to age 2 || || ||
-Larger head means potential for injury; lots of head trauma in this age group
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Head at birth - ✔✔Cranial structures are not fully fused @ birth to accommodate brain growth
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Posterior Fontanel closes @ - ✔✔2 months
|| || || || || ||
Anterior Fontanel closes @ - ✔✔12-18 months
|| || || || || ||
full/ bulging anterior fontanel means? - ✔✔increased ICP
|| || || || || || ||
,2
sunken fontanel means? - ✔✔Dehydration || || || ||
When does neck Lengthen? - ✔✔3-4 years
|| || || || || ||
infants under 3-4 short neck and prominent occiput what does it mean? - ✔✔-prone to injury
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
-airway structures are close together || || || ||
-difficult intubation in this age group || || || || ||
Eye structure & function are immature at - ✔✔Birth
|| || || || || || || ||
Pupils are small w/ poor reflex until - ✔✔5 months
|| || || || || || || || ||
Transient nystagmus & esotropia (eye facing inward) in - ✔✔neonates younger than 6 months is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
normal
Irises have little pigment till - ✔✔6-12 months
|| || || || || || ||
Vision underdeveloped at - ✔✔Birth
|| || || ||
infants fixate eyes at - ✔✔4 months || || || || || ||
color vision by - ✔✔8 months
|| || || || ||
children are farsighted until - ✔✔-6-7 years (School age)
|| || || || || || || ||
- Affects vision exam
|| || ||
, 2
Weak abdominal musculature; abdomen is protuberant in - ✔✔NEONATES
|| || || || || || || ||
Weak abdominal musculature; abdomen is prominent while standing but flat when supine in -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Toddlers
What contributes to "pot-bellied" appearance in infants and toddlers - ✔✔weak abdominal
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
musculature and Liver and spleen are not well protected || || || || || || || ||
abdomen larger than chest in - ✔✔-Infants, children until age 4 years
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Distended or scaphoid abdomen is indicative of - ✔✔a pathological finding
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Abdomen is cylindrical in shape - ✔✔Infants
|| || || || || ||
Peristalsis may be visible and may indicate a pathologic finding such as pyloric stenosis in -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Infants
Abdominal contour changes to adult shape by - ✔✔Adolescence
|| || || || || || || ||
Stomach lies in Transverse plain in - ✔✔Infants, toddlers until age 2 years
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
-Affects normal area for auscultation and palpation during physical examination
|| || || || || || || || ||
Gastric pH is alkalotic at - ✔✔Birth
|| || || || || ||
- Affects oral medication absorption, increases incidence of gastroesophageal reflux
|| || || || || || || || ||
Gastric acid production slowly increases to adult levels by - ✔✔2 years
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
