CORRECT Answers
Nurses are_______ and ____ responsible for assessing and Legally
managing pain Ethically
What crisis adds another dimension to the urgency in Opioid crisis
identifying ways to effectively reduce pain while
protecting patients from harm?
Nurses must be prepared to practice what mindsets/skills Patient advocacy, empowerment, compassion and respect
when providing pain management?
Define nociception observable activity in the nervous system that allows people to detect pain.
What are the four physiological processes of transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation
nociception:
Define transduction converts energy produced by these noxious stimuli (thermal, mechanical, or
chemical stimulus) into electrical impulses.
Define Transmission as it relates to pain it is this cellular system of communication (action potentials carrying nociceptive
input) that allows pain, arising from any area of the body including the nerve or
areas of the brain itself, to be perceived by an individual.
Define Perception as it relates to pain point at which a person is aware of nociceptive impulses and perceives pain.
Define modulation as it relates to pain When a person perceives a harmful impulse, projection neurons activate
endogenous descending inhibitory mediators, such as endorphins (endogenous
opioids), serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, to help produce an analgesic effect
What common factors can disrupt pain process? trauma, drugs, tumor growth, and metabolic disorders.
gate control theory of pain suggest that pain has emotional and cognitive components in addition to physical
sensations. The theory explains how rubbing an injured area can reduce pain.
Continuous, severe, or deep pain typically involving the Parasympathetic Nervous System
visceral organs (e.g., with a myocardial infarction or colic
from gallbladder or renal stones) activates what system
Sympathetic pain stimulation: increased oxygen intake
"Dilation of bronchial tubes and increased respiratory
rate"
Causes...