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What spurred the development of Software Defined
Networking (SDN)? - ANSWER-· They arose out of the
process to make computer networks more programmable
· Computer networks were very complex and difficult to
manage for two reasons:
§ Diversity of equipment on the network
§ Proprietary technologies for the equipment
What are the three phases in the history of SDN? -
ANSWER-· 1. Active Networks
,· 2. Control and data plane separation
· 3. OpenFlow API and network operating systems
Envisioned a programming interface (a network API) that
exposed resources/network nodes and supported
customization of functionalities for subsets of packets
passing through the network nodes - ANSWER-Active
Networks
There were two types of programming models in active
networking, and these models differ based on where the
code to execute at the nodes carried - ANSWER-·
Capsule model - carried in-band in data packets
,· Programmable routers/switch model - established by out-
of-band mechanisms
The pushes that encouraged active networking were: -
ANSWER-· Reduction in computation cost
· Advancement in programming languages
· Advances in rapid code compilation and formal methods
· Funding from agencies such as DARPA for a collection
promoted interoperability among projects
The use pulls for active networking were: - ANSWER-·
Network service provider frustration concerning the long
timeline to develop and deploy new network services
, · Third party interests to add value by implementing control
at a more individualistic nature
· Researchers interest in having a network that would
support large-scale experimentation
· Unified control over middleboxes
Made three contributions related to SDN: - ANSWER-· 1.
Programmable function in the network to lower the barrier
to innovation
· 2. Network virtualization, and the ability to demultiplex to
software programs based on packet headers
· 3. The vision of a unified architecture for middlebox
orchestration