Summary NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology-Wk 3 Genetics, Genomics & Cancer- Complete guide for exam preparation

NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology-Wk 3 Genetics, Genomics & Cancer NSG 5003 | NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology-Wk 3 Genetics, Genomics, & Cancer Oncogenese are genes that are capable of: A) undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation B) directing synthesis of protein to regulate frowth and to procide necessary replacement of tissue C) encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or halt the replacement of tissue D) undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis Ans: A- undergoing mutations that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue prolifereation Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes? A) point mutation B) chromosome translocation C) gene amplification D) chromosome fusion Ans: B- chromosome translocation In childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of normal genes to oncogenes? A) point mutation B) chromosome fusion C) gene amplification D) chromosome translocation Ans: C- gene amplification Which aberrant change causes the abnormal growth in a retinoblastoma? A) proto-oncogenes are changed to oncogenes B) the tumor suppressor gene is turn of C) genetic amplification causes the abnormal growth D) chromosomes 9 & 21 are fused Ans: B- the tumor suppressor gene is turned of Two hits are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because: A) each allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent B) the first hit stops tissue growth and the second hit is needed to cause abnormal tissue growth C) tumor suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits to efect carcinogenesis D) the first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation Ans: A- each allele must be altered and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent Chronic inflammation causes cancer by: A) increasing vasodilation and permeabilitu that alter cellular response to DNA damage B) liberating lysosomal enzymes when cells are damaged, which inititates mutations C) releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promotoe mutations D) increasing the abundance of leukotrienes that are associated with some cancers Ans: C- releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promote mutations What is the consequence for cells when the functioning TP53 gene is lost as a result of mutation? A) cells undergo apoptosis B) cells escape apoptosis C) cells