Cell Biology (IB)
Cell theory-CORRECT ANSWER Proposed by Mathias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and
Rudolf Virchow, it states that all living organisms are composed of cells and their products,
the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, and all cells arise from
pre-existing cells.
COFunctions of life-CORRECT ANSWER The various functions that a cell carries out, including
metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions in the body), catabolism (energy-releasing
processes that break down complex molecules), anabolism (energy-requiring processes that
build complex molecules), and control and regulation of chemical reactions in the body.
COResponse-CORRECT ANSWER An action, behavior, or answer that follows a particular
stimulus or situation, which can be voluntary, involuntary, or dependent on conscious
control.
COHomeostasis-CORRECT ANSWER The body's natural ability to maintain internal stability
and balance, ensuring that the internal environment remains stable despite external
changes.
COGrowth-CORRECT ANSWER One of the essential characteristics of living organisms,
occurring at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organismal levels.
COReproduction-CORRECT ANSWER The biological process by which new individuals of the
same species are produced, ensuring the survival and continuation of the species.
COExcretion-CORRECT ANSWER The process of eliminating waste products and excess
substances from the body.
CONutrition-CORRECT ANSWER The process by which organisms obtain and utilize the
nutrients and substances necessary for their growth.
, COSurface and Volume ratio-CORRECT ANSWER As a cell grows in size, its surface area-to-
volume ratio decreases, affecting the cell's ability to exchange materials with its
environment.
COMagnification-CORRECT ANSWER The process of enlarging an object or image to make it
appear larger than its actual size, commonly used in optics and microscopy.
COEmergent Properties-CORRECT ANSWER Characteristics or behaviors that arise in complex
systems but are not evident in their individual components, allowing multicellular organisms
to perform functions that unicellular organisms cannot.
COCell Differentiation-CORRECT ANSWER The development and maintenance of
multicellular organisms, involving the transformation of unspecialized or stem cells into
specialized cell types.
COGene Packaging-CORRECT ANSWER The organization and compaction of genetic material
within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, involving euchromatin (active genes) and
heterochromatin (inactive genes).
COStem cells-CORRECT ANSWER Unspecialized, undifferentiated cells with the ability to
develop into various specialized cell types, characterized by self-renewal and
pluripotency/multipotency.
COStem Cell Therapy-CORRECT ANSWER The use of stem cells to treat various diseases,
injuries, and medical conditions, based on their ability to self-renew and differentiate into
different cell types.
COMicroscopes-CORRECT ANSWER Essential scientific instruments that enable the
observation of objects and structures at a microscopic level, revealing details not visible to
the naked eye.
Cell theory-CORRECT ANSWER Proposed by Mathias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and
Rudolf Virchow, it states that all living organisms are composed of cells and their products,
the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, and all cells arise from
pre-existing cells.
COFunctions of life-CORRECT ANSWER The various functions that a cell carries out, including
metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions in the body), catabolism (energy-releasing
processes that break down complex molecules), anabolism (energy-requiring processes that
build complex molecules), and control and regulation of chemical reactions in the body.
COResponse-CORRECT ANSWER An action, behavior, or answer that follows a particular
stimulus or situation, which can be voluntary, involuntary, or dependent on conscious
control.
COHomeostasis-CORRECT ANSWER The body's natural ability to maintain internal stability
and balance, ensuring that the internal environment remains stable despite external
changes.
COGrowth-CORRECT ANSWER One of the essential characteristics of living organisms,
occurring at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organismal levels.
COReproduction-CORRECT ANSWER The biological process by which new individuals of the
same species are produced, ensuring the survival and continuation of the species.
COExcretion-CORRECT ANSWER The process of eliminating waste products and excess
substances from the body.
CONutrition-CORRECT ANSWER The process by which organisms obtain and utilize the
nutrients and substances necessary for their growth.
, COSurface and Volume ratio-CORRECT ANSWER As a cell grows in size, its surface area-to-
volume ratio decreases, affecting the cell's ability to exchange materials with its
environment.
COMagnification-CORRECT ANSWER The process of enlarging an object or image to make it
appear larger than its actual size, commonly used in optics and microscopy.
COEmergent Properties-CORRECT ANSWER Characteristics or behaviors that arise in complex
systems but are not evident in their individual components, allowing multicellular organisms
to perform functions that unicellular organisms cannot.
COCell Differentiation-CORRECT ANSWER The development and maintenance of
multicellular organisms, involving the transformation of unspecialized or stem cells into
specialized cell types.
COGene Packaging-CORRECT ANSWER The organization and compaction of genetic material
within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, involving euchromatin (active genes) and
heterochromatin (inactive genes).
COStem cells-CORRECT ANSWER Unspecialized, undifferentiated cells with the ability to
develop into various specialized cell types, characterized by self-renewal and
pluripotency/multipotency.
COStem Cell Therapy-CORRECT ANSWER The use of stem cells to treat various diseases,
injuries, and medical conditions, based on their ability to self-renew and differentiate into
different cell types.
COMicroscopes-CORRECT ANSWER Essential scientific instruments that enable the
observation of objects and structures at a microscopic level, revealing details not visible to
the naked eye.
