MGT 6681 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ What are the two theoretical domains used to understand organization
change mentioned in the passage? Answer: Open-system theory and a
synthesis of recent thinking on shifts from physics to life sciences
▶ What is an open system according to the passage? Answer: A system
that depends on and continually interacts with its environment
▶ What is a critical element of input for a business organization mentioned
in the passage? Answer: Money
▶ According to Katz and Kahn, what defines the boundaries of an
organization? Answer: The energic and informational transactions related
to input, throughput, and output
▶ What is the basic tenet of Gestalt psychology mentioned in the passage?
Answer: An organization is different from the simple sum of its parts
▶ What does negative entropy mean according to general systems theory?
Answer: An open system can store energy and acquire negative entropy by
importing more energy from its environment than it expends
▶ Who is considered the father of scientific management? Answer:
Frederick Winslow Taylor
▶ What term best describes Margaret Thatcher's approach to transforming
British Airways? Answer: Change agent
▶ What significant change did Margaret Thatcher implement for British
Airways around 1983? Answer: Transition to a publicly owned company
, ▶ What was the primary issue addressed by the general manager of a
chemical division in the late 1980s? Answer: Customer service
▶ How did the consultant hired by the general manager of the chemical
division approach the problem? Answer: By tracing the process from the
customers' receptions back through the division's sales and delivery
systems
▶ What type of organizational change is illustrated by the British Airways
example? Answer: Revolutionary change
▶ What is the concept of "punctuated equilibrium" as proposed by Stephen
Jay Gould? Answer: Periods of stability interrupted by sudden, significant
change
▶ Which of the following scholars is associated with the theory of individual
change that includes dramatic changes around the age of 40? Answer:
Daniel Levinson
▶ According to Gersick (1991), what characterizes the periods of
equilibrium in systems? Answer: Maintenance of the system and fixed rules
of play
▶ In Gersick's study, what is "deep structure" in human systems? Answer:
Fundamental, interdependent choices about system configuration and
resource exchange
▶ What is one reason organizations resist change, as listed by O'Toole
(1995)? Answer: Homeostasis, or the natural instinct to maintain stability
▶ According to the text, what constitutes organization change? Answer:
Changing the entire system
▶ What does the text primarily focus on when discussing organization
change? Answer: Internal organization levels
▶ What are the three broad levels of organization change? Answer:
Individual, group, and total system
TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
▶ What are the two theoretical domains used to understand organization
change mentioned in the passage? Answer: Open-system theory and a
synthesis of recent thinking on shifts from physics to life sciences
▶ What is an open system according to the passage? Answer: A system
that depends on and continually interacts with its environment
▶ What is a critical element of input for a business organization mentioned
in the passage? Answer: Money
▶ According to Katz and Kahn, what defines the boundaries of an
organization? Answer: The energic and informational transactions related
to input, throughput, and output
▶ What is the basic tenet of Gestalt psychology mentioned in the passage?
Answer: An organization is different from the simple sum of its parts
▶ What does negative entropy mean according to general systems theory?
Answer: An open system can store energy and acquire negative entropy by
importing more energy from its environment than it expends
▶ Who is considered the father of scientific management? Answer:
Frederick Winslow Taylor
▶ What term best describes Margaret Thatcher's approach to transforming
British Airways? Answer: Change agent
▶ What significant change did Margaret Thatcher implement for British
Airways around 1983? Answer: Transition to a publicly owned company
, ▶ What was the primary issue addressed by the general manager of a
chemical division in the late 1980s? Answer: Customer service
▶ How did the consultant hired by the general manager of the chemical
division approach the problem? Answer: By tracing the process from the
customers' receptions back through the division's sales and delivery
systems
▶ What type of organizational change is illustrated by the British Airways
example? Answer: Revolutionary change
▶ What is the concept of "punctuated equilibrium" as proposed by Stephen
Jay Gould? Answer: Periods of stability interrupted by sudden, significant
change
▶ Which of the following scholars is associated with the theory of individual
change that includes dramatic changes around the age of 40? Answer:
Daniel Levinson
▶ According to Gersick (1991), what characterizes the periods of
equilibrium in systems? Answer: Maintenance of the system and fixed rules
of play
▶ In Gersick's study, what is "deep structure" in human systems? Answer:
Fundamental, interdependent choices about system configuration and
resource exchange
▶ What is one reason organizations resist change, as listed by O'Toole
(1995)? Answer: Homeostasis, or the natural instinct to maintain stability
▶ According to the text, what constitutes organization change? Answer:
Changing the entire system
▶ What does the text primarily focus on when discussing organization
change? Answer: Internal organization levels
▶ What are the three broad levels of organization change? Answer:
Individual, group, and total system
