Unit 02 : Research Design
ishe
A Research design refers to a plan or blueprint fortheentire research process
is an arrangementofconditions forcollection analysationofdata in a waythat
suitstheresearchobjectiveandsavestime costandeffort It aimsto answer the
followingquestions whatisthestudyabout
Whereisthestudyconducted
Whowillbestudied
When wasthestudyconducted
why is thestudy conducted
Howis thedatacollected analysed
The essentials of a researchdesign are
Samplingdesign 1howsampleshouldbeselectedfrompopulation
collecteddatashouldbeanalysed
statisticaldesign how
u nderw hichdataisobserved
conditions
Observation design
Operationaldesign
methods techniques
forsampling observation statistics
Needforresearchdesign
Gives Direction toResearchers
Avoidbias in research
Savestime cost effort
Reliability Accuracy
Ensuresproper data collection
Features
of a goodresearchdesign
Objectivity notopinionbased
Reliability canberepeated
Generalizability appliestolargerpopulationnot justthesample
, result measureswhat itissupposedto
Validity valid
TypesofResearchdesigns
Exploratory Research design it isusedwhen the problem isnotclearlywell
defined researchers trying to understand theproblem generate newideas and
by
develop a working hypothesis Itdoesnotleadto a finalresult or conclusionbut
opensthe scopeforfurtherresearch It requiresheavyflexibilitydue to the broad
scopeofstudywhich is later narroweddownby changing techniques methodsofstudy
andanalysisfromvariousperspectives It'smainpurpose is to generatenew ideas gain
insights develop a workinghypothesis Itisalsocalled Formulative research
Variousmethodsinclude literaturesurvey existinglit findinggaps
peoplew ith
practicalk nowledge interviews
Experience survey
analysingspecialunusualcases
InsightstimulatingExamples
Descriptive Research design it is usedwhen the problem isclearly defined
it involves describing the current stateof affairs i e what is happening or
whathas happened The researcher focuses on fact finding andreporting itsmai
aim is to portray accurately thefacts and characteristics ofpeople groups or
individualsinvolved in a study further enabling comparisons predictions This
typeofresearchfollows a rigidapproach isalsocalled ExPostFactoResearch
Various steps in Descriptivestudiesincludes defining theresearch problem
datacollectionmethods
sample selection
collectingdata
processing analysis
reporting
Diagnostic ResearchDesign it isused to understand the causes behind
ishe
A Research design refers to a plan or blueprint fortheentire research process
is an arrangementofconditions forcollection analysationofdata in a waythat
suitstheresearchobjectiveandsavestime costandeffort It aimsto answer the
followingquestions whatisthestudyabout
Whereisthestudyconducted
Whowillbestudied
When wasthestudyconducted
why is thestudy conducted
Howis thedatacollected analysed
The essentials of a researchdesign are
Samplingdesign 1howsampleshouldbeselectedfrompopulation
collecteddatashouldbeanalysed
statisticaldesign how
u nderw hichdataisobserved
conditions
Observation design
Operationaldesign
methods techniques
forsampling observation statistics
Needforresearchdesign
Gives Direction toResearchers
Avoidbias in research
Savestime cost effort
Reliability Accuracy
Ensuresproper data collection
Features
of a goodresearchdesign
Objectivity notopinionbased
Reliability canberepeated
Generalizability appliestolargerpopulationnot justthesample
, result measureswhat itissupposedto
Validity valid
TypesofResearchdesigns
Exploratory Research design it isusedwhen the problem isnotclearlywell
defined researchers trying to understand theproblem generate newideas and
by
develop a working hypothesis Itdoesnotleadto a finalresult or conclusionbut
opensthe scopeforfurtherresearch It requiresheavyflexibilitydue to the broad
scopeofstudywhich is later narroweddownby changing techniques methodsofstudy
andanalysisfromvariousperspectives It'smainpurpose is to generatenew ideas gain
insights develop a workinghypothesis Itisalsocalled Formulative research
Variousmethodsinclude literaturesurvey existinglit findinggaps
peoplew ith
practicalk nowledge interviews
Experience survey
analysingspecialunusualcases
InsightstimulatingExamples
Descriptive Research design it is usedwhen the problem isclearly defined
it involves describing the current stateof affairs i e what is happening or
whathas happened The researcher focuses on fact finding andreporting itsmai
aim is to portray accurately thefacts and characteristics ofpeople groups or
individualsinvolved in a study further enabling comparisons predictions This
typeofresearchfollows a rigidapproach isalsocalled ExPostFactoResearch
Various steps in Descriptivestudiesincludes defining theresearch problem
datacollectionmethods
sample selection
collectingdata
processing analysis
reporting
Diagnostic ResearchDesign it isused to understand the causes behind
