NU 518 Nursing Theory Exam 2 Study Guide 2026/2027 South
Alabama University
1. Which nursing metaparadigm component refers to the recipient of nursing
care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Environment
B. Health
C. Nursing
D. Person
Answer: D
Rationale: The ‘Person’ metaparadigm focuses on the receiver of care, which can be
individuals, groups, or communities.
2. According to Dorothea Orem’s Theory, what is the primary goal of nursing?
A. To adapt the patient to their environment
B. To manage the patient’s biological stressors
C. To provide spiritual healing
D. To help the patient perform self-care activities
Answer: D
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the patient’s ability to perform self-
care to maintain life, health, and well-being.
,3. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as what type of
system?
A. An energy field
B. A cultural entity
C. A biopsychosocial adaptive system
D. A spiritual vessel
Answer: C
Rationale: Roy’s model defines the person as a biopsychosocial adaptive system that uses
coping mechanisms to adapt to stressors.
4. In Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what are the ‘Caritas Processes’?
A. Physical assessment techniques
B. Administrative management steps
C. Guidelines for clinical caritas and soul care
D. Protocols for infection control
Answer: C
Rationale: Watson’s Caritas Processes are the 10 core elements of her theory focused on
the spiritual and humanistic aspects of caring.
5. Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings focuses on which of the
following?
A. The nurse-patient interpersonal relationship
B. Self-care deficits
C. Cultural diversity in nursing
D. Energy fields and pattern appraisal
Answer: D
Rationale: Rogers’ theory is centered on the concept of humans and environments as
energy fields that are irreducible and pandimensional.
, 6. Hildegard Peplau’s theory is primarily concerned with which aspect of
nursing?
A. The interpersonal process between nurse and patient
B. Environmental sanitation
C. Economic efficiency in healthcare
D. Surgical recovery protocols
Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau is known for the Theory of Interpersonal Relations, emphasizing the
therapeutic relationship.
7. Which theorist developed the ‘Culture Care Diversity and Universality’
theory?
A. Imogene King
B. Patricia Benner
C. Madeleine Leininger
D. Betty Neuman
Answer: C
Rationale: Leininger founded transcultural nursing, focusing on providing culturally
congruent care.
8. In Patricia Benner’s ‘Novice to Expert’ model, which stage describes a nurse
with 2-3 years of experience who can prioritize tasks?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Competent
C. Proficient
D. Expert
Answer: B
Rationale: The ‘Competent’ nurse typically has 2-3 years of experience and is able to
organize and plan care effectively.
Alabama University
1. Which nursing metaparadigm component refers to the recipient of nursing
care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Environment
B. Health
C. Nursing
D. Person
Answer: D
Rationale: The ‘Person’ metaparadigm focuses on the receiver of care, which can be
individuals, groups, or communities.
2. According to Dorothea Orem’s Theory, what is the primary goal of nursing?
A. To adapt the patient to their environment
B. To manage the patient’s biological stressors
C. To provide spiritual healing
D. To help the patient perform self-care activities
Answer: D
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the patient’s ability to perform self-
care to maintain life, health, and well-being.
,3. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as what type of
system?
A. An energy field
B. A cultural entity
C. A biopsychosocial adaptive system
D. A spiritual vessel
Answer: C
Rationale: Roy’s model defines the person as a biopsychosocial adaptive system that uses
coping mechanisms to adapt to stressors.
4. In Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what are the ‘Caritas Processes’?
A. Physical assessment techniques
B. Administrative management steps
C. Guidelines for clinical caritas and soul care
D. Protocols for infection control
Answer: C
Rationale: Watson’s Caritas Processes are the 10 core elements of her theory focused on
the spiritual and humanistic aspects of caring.
5. Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings focuses on which of the
following?
A. The nurse-patient interpersonal relationship
B. Self-care deficits
C. Cultural diversity in nursing
D. Energy fields and pattern appraisal
Answer: D
Rationale: Rogers’ theory is centered on the concept of humans and environments as
energy fields that are irreducible and pandimensional.
, 6. Hildegard Peplau’s theory is primarily concerned with which aspect of
nursing?
A. The interpersonal process between nurse and patient
B. Environmental sanitation
C. Economic efficiency in healthcare
D. Surgical recovery protocols
Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau is known for the Theory of Interpersonal Relations, emphasizing the
therapeutic relationship.
7. Which theorist developed the ‘Culture Care Diversity and Universality’
theory?
A. Imogene King
B. Patricia Benner
C. Madeleine Leininger
D. Betty Neuman
Answer: C
Rationale: Leininger founded transcultural nursing, focusing on providing culturally
congruent care.
8. In Patricia Benner’s ‘Novice to Expert’ model, which stage describes a nurse
with 2-3 years of experience who can prioritize tasks?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Competent
C. Proficient
D. Expert
Answer: B
Rationale: The ‘Competent’ nurse typically has 2-3 years of experience and is able to
organize and plan care effectively.
