NU 518 Exam 2: Nursing Theory Study Guide 2026/2027 USA
1. Which of the following describes the four global concepts of the nursing
metaparadigm?
A. Person, Health, Environment, and Nursing
B. Theory, Research, Practice, and Education
C. Caring, Compassion, Competence, and Communication
D. Diagnosis, Intervention, Evaluation, and Assessment
Answer: A
Rationale: The metaparadigm of nursing consists of the four central concepts: person,
health, environment, and nursing.
2. According to Florence Nightingale, what is the nurse’s primary role in the
patient’s recovery?
A. To manipulate the environment to facilitate nature’s reparative processes
B. To provide spiritual counseling and guidance
C. To administer medications and perform surgical procedures
D. To manage the patient’s financial and social affairs
Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale emphasized that the nurse should manipulate the environment
(ventilation, light, warmth, cleanliness) to allow nature to act upon the patient.
,3. Hildegard Peplau is best known for her theory focusing on which aspect of
nursing?
A. Interpersonal relations in nursing
B. Self-care deficits
C. Adaptation and coping
D. Transcultural care
Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations focuses on the nurse-patient
relationship and the phases of its development.
4. In Virginia Henderson’s theory, the nurse’s goal is to help the patient achieve
independence in how many basic needs?
A. 14
B. 10
C. 21
D. 5
Answer: A
Rationale: Henderson identified 14 basic needs that nurses assist patients with to help
them reach independence.
5. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory’?
A. Sister Callista Roy
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Imogene King
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: B
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s theory centers on the idea that individuals should perform
self-care, and nursing is required when they are unable to do so.
, 6. The Roy Adaptation Model views the person as which of the following?
A. A collection of 14 basic needs
B. A set of energy fields in constant motion
C. A biopsychosocial adaptive system
D. A person in transition from health to illness
Answer: C
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy describes the person as a biopsychosocial adaptive system
that uses four adaptive modes to maintain health.
7. Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings is based on which concept?
A. Energy fields and pandimensionality
B. Biological systems and homeostasis
C. Interacting systems and goal attainment
D. Cultural care and universality
Answer: A
Rationale: Rogers viewed humans as irreducible energy fields that are integral with the
environment’s energy field.
8. Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interaction
between which systems?
A. Internal and external systems
B. Biological and psychological systems
C. Macro and micro economic systems
D. Personal, interpersonal, and social systems
Answer: D
Rationale: King’s conceptual framework consists of three interacting systems: personal,
interpersonal, and social.
1. Which of the following describes the four global concepts of the nursing
metaparadigm?
A. Person, Health, Environment, and Nursing
B. Theory, Research, Practice, and Education
C. Caring, Compassion, Competence, and Communication
D. Diagnosis, Intervention, Evaluation, and Assessment
Answer: A
Rationale: The metaparadigm of nursing consists of the four central concepts: person,
health, environment, and nursing.
2. According to Florence Nightingale, what is the nurse’s primary role in the
patient’s recovery?
A. To manipulate the environment to facilitate nature’s reparative processes
B. To provide spiritual counseling and guidance
C. To administer medications and perform surgical procedures
D. To manage the patient’s financial and social affairs
Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale emphasized that the nurse should manipulate the environment
(ventilation, light, warmth, cleanliness) to allow nature to act upon the patient.
,3. Hildegard Peplau is best known for her theory focusing on which aspect of
nursing?
A. Interpersonal relations in nursing
B. Self-care deficits
C. Adaptation and coping
D. Transcultural care
Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations focuses on the nurse-patient
relationship and the phases of its development.
4. In Virginia Henderson’s theory, the nurse’s goal is to help the patient achieve
independence in how many basic needs?
A. 14
B. 10
C. 21
D. 5
Answer: A
Rationale: Henderson identified 14 basic needs that nurses assist patients with to help
them reach independence.
5. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory’?
A. Sister Callista Roy
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Imogene King
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: B
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s theory centers on the idea that individuals should perform
self-care, and nursing is required when they are unable to do so.
, 6. The Roy Adaptation Model views the person as which of the following?
A. A collection of 14 basic needs
B. A set of energy fields in constant motion
C. A biopsychosocial adaptive system
D. A person in transition from health to illness
Answer: C
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy describes the person as a biopsychosocial adaptive system
that uses four adaptive modes to maintain health.
7. Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings is based on which concept?
A. Energy fields and pandimensionality
B. Biological systems and homeostasis
C. Interacting systems and goal attainment
D. Cultural care and universality
Answer: A
Rationale: Rogers viewed humans as irreducible energy fields that are integral with the
environment’s energy field.
8. Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interaction
between which systems?
A. Internal and external systems
B. Biological and psychological systems
C. Macro and micro economic systems
D. Personal, interpersonal, and social systems
Answer: D
Rationale: King’s conceptual framework consists of three interacting systems: personal,
interpersonal, and social.
