COMSAE 110 EXAM 2026/2027 COMPLETE
ACCURATE TEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) 2026
EDITION |BEST DOCUMENT FOR EXAM
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of Bacillus anthracis?
ANSWER
• Gram-positive rods in chains
• May manifest as cutaneous or pulmonary anthrax
• Platelet membrane abnormalities may present as purpura, epistaxis,
gingival bleeding, anemia, low hemoglobin, and low hematocrit
RATIONALE
Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium; its systemic effects and
cutaneous signs reflect both infection and toxin-mediated damage.
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of a spermatocele?
ANSWER
1. Dilated tubular structures in the efferent tubules of the epididymis
2. Cystic mass in the epididymis that transilluminates
,RATIONALE
Spermatoceles are benign cystic structures filled with sperm and fluid;
transillumination helps differentiate them from solid masses.
QUESTION
What is seen in histological examination of acne?
ANSWER
Comedones filled with sebum and keratin
RATIONALE
Acne results from blockage of hair follicles and sebaceous glands,
causing accumulation of sebum and keratin.
QUESTION
What are key features of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)?
ANSWER
1. Proximal lower limb weakness in young children
2. Bilateral destruction of anterior horn cells
3. Mutations in SMN1 gene on chromosome 5
RATIONALE
SMA is a genetic disorder affecting motor neurons, leading to
progressive muscle weakness.
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
murmur?
ANSWER
, • Continuous machine-like murmur
• Located at the left upper sternal border
RATIONALE
PDA produces a continuous murmur due to persistent blood flow
between the aorta and pulmonary artery.
QUESTION
What causes rebound congestion?
ANSWER
Use of phenylephrine-containing topical decongestants for more than 3–
5 days
RATIONALE
Prolonged use of nasal decongestants causes vasoconstrictor tolerance,
leading to rebound nasal congestion.
QUESTION
What is the best way to obtain differential diagnoses for fatigue?
ANSWER
A complete history and physical examination
RATIONALE
Fatigue is nonspecific; a thorough history and exam help rule out
systemic, metabolic, hematologic, and psychiatric causes.
QUESTION
Which drugs reduce the activity of HMG-CoA reductase?
, ANSWER
Statins
RATIONALE
Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis, reducing LDL levels and
cardiovascular risk.
QUESTION
What may happen if statins and macrolides are used together?
ANSWER
Rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain and weakness)
RATIONALE
Macrolides inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing statin levels
and the risk of muscle toxicity.
QUESTION
Give examples of macrolide antibiotics.
ANSWER
• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Erythromycin
RATIONALE
Macrolides are commonly used for respiratory and skin infections; they
act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
ACCURATE TEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) 2026
EDITION |BEST DOCUMENT FOR EXAM
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of Bacillus anthracis?
ANSWER
• Gram-positive rods in chains
• May manifest as cutaneous or pulmonary anthrax
• Platelet membrane abnormalities may present as purpura, epistaxis,
gingival bleeding, anemia, low hemoglobin, and low hematocrit
RATIONALE
Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium; its systemic effects and
cutaneous signs reflect both infection and toxin-mediated damage.
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of a spermatocele?
ANSWER
1. Dilated tubular structures in the efferent tubules of the epididymis
2. Cystic mass in the epididymis that transilluminates
,RATIONALE
Spermatoceles are benign cystic structures filled with sperm and fluid;
transillumination helps differentiate them from solid masses.
QUESTION
What is seen in histological examination of acne?
ANSWER
Comedones filled with sebum and keratin
RATIONALE
Acne results from blockage of hair follicles and sebaceous glands,
causing accumulation of sebum and keratin.
QUESTION
What are key features of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)?
ANSWER
1. Proximal lower limb weakness in young children
2. Bilateral destruction of anterior horn cells
3. Mutations in SMN1 gene on chromosome 5
RATIONALE
SMA is a genetic disorder affecting motor neurons, leading to
progressive muscle weakness.
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
murmur?
ANSWER
, • Continuous machine-like murmur
• Located at the left upper sternal border
RATIONALE
PDA produces a continuous murmur due to persistent blood flow
between the aorta and pulmonary artery.
QUESTION
What causes rebound congestion?
ANSWER
Use of phenylephrine-containing topical decongestants for more than 3–
5 days
RATIONALE
Prolonged use of nasal decongestants causes vasoconstrictor tolerance,
leading to rebound nasal congestion.
QUESTION
What is the best way to obtain differential diagnoses for fatigue?
ANSWER
A complete history and physical examination
RATIONALE
Fatigue is nonspecific; a thorough history and exam help rule out
systemic, metabolic, hematologic, and psychiatric causes.
QUESTION
Which drugs reduce the activity of HMG-CoA reductase?
, ANSWER
Statins
RATIONALE
Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis, reducing LDL levels and
cardiovascular risk.
QUESTION
What may happen if statins and macrolides are used together?
ANSWER
Rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain and weakness)
RATIONALE
Macrolides inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing statin levels
and the risk of muscle toxicity.
QUESTION
Give examples of macrolide antibiotics.
ANSWER
• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Erythromycin
RATIONALE
Macrolides are commonly used for respiratory and skin infections; they
act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
QUESTION
What are the characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
