NR511- Midterm Exam Study Questions with
Rationale Answers | Expert Graded A+
1. Which of the following is an appropriate differential diagnosis for seborrhea
keratosis?
Benign pigmented naevi
Pigmented basal cell carcinoma.
Malignant Melanoma.
All choices are correct - ANSWER all answers are correct
2. A 30-year-old woman presents with diffuse hair shedding 3 months
postpartum. She has no bald patches or scarring. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Alopecia areata
B. Telogen effluvium
C. Androgenic alopecia
D. Tinea capitis - ANSWER B. Telogen effluvium
Rationale:Telogen effluvium is characterized by diffuse hair shedding
following a physical or emotional stressor, such as childbirth. It is non-scarring
and self-limited
3. What is the most appropriate management of telogen effluvium?
A. Topical corticosteroids
B. Minoxidil
C. Reassurance and addressing underlying causes
D. Oral antibiotics - ANSWER Rationale:Telogen effluvium is typically
self-limited. Reassurance and identification/correction of contributing
factors (e.g., iron deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, stress) are key.
,4. A 12-year-old boy presents with a circular, erythematous, scaly patch with
central clearing on his forearm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Eczema
B. Tinea corporis
C. Psoriasis
D. Impetigo - ANSWER B. Tinea corporis
Rationale:Tinea corporis classically presents as an annular, scaly lesion with
central clearing and a raised border, commonly known as ringworm.
5. Which diagnostic test confirms the presence of tinea corporis?
A. Wood's lamp
B. Tzanck smear
C. KOH prep of skin scraping
D. Bacterial culture - ANSWER C. KOH prep of skin scraping
Rationale:A KOH preparation dissolves keratin and allows visualization of
fungal hyphae under a microscope, confirming dermatophyte infection.
6. Which of the following is most indicative of a need for emergency treatment
in a patient with urticaria?
A. Rash persisting for several days
B. Associated angioedema of lips or tongue
C. Mild itching
D. Localized hives on the arms - ANSWER B. Associated angioedema
of lips or tongue
Rationale:Angioedema involving the airway (e.g., lips, tongue, throat) can
compromise breathing and may signal anaphylaxis, requiring immediate
intervention with epinephrine.
7. Which of the following is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated tinea
corporis?
A. Oral fluconazole
B. Topical clotrimazole
C. Topical hydrocortisone
, D. Oral terbinafine - ANSWER B. Topical clotrimazole
Rationale:Topical antifungals such as clotrimazole or terbinafine are first-line
treatments for localized dermatophyte infections like tinea corporis.
8. A 55-year-old man presents with thickened, discolored toenails. What is the
most appropriate treatment for onychomycosis?
A. Oral terbinafine for 12 weeks
B. Topical nystatin
C. Oral fluconazole for 3 days
D. Topical hydrocortisone - ANSWER A. Oral terbinafine for 12 weeks
Rationale:Onychomycosis usually requires oral antifungal therapy due to poor
nail plate penetration. Terbinafine for 12 weeks is standard for toenails.
9. A homeless man presents with pruritus and excoriated skin, especially
around seams of clothing. Lice and nits are found in his clothing. What is the
diagnosis?
A. Pediculosis capitis
B. Pediculosis pubis
C. Pediculosis corporis
D. Scabies - ANSWER C. Pediculosis corporis
Rationale:Body lice live in clothing seams and come onto the skin to feed.
Treatment includes bathing and laundering or discarding infested clothing.
Which medication is commonly used for systemic treatment of scabies, especially
in crusted or resistant cases?
A. Permethrin cream 5%
B. Ivermectin orally
C. Fluconazole
D. Ketoconazole shampoo - ANSWER B. Ivermectin orally
, Rationale:Oral ivermectin is effective for systemic treatment of scabies,
particularly in crusted scabies or when topical therapy fails or is impractical.
which of the following is a differential diagnosis for conductive hearing
loss?Otoxicity.
Acoustic.
Neuroma
Meniere's disease
Otitis externa - ANSWER otitis externa
What is the indication of a diagnostic study with high sensitivity?
High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
.A low percentage of persons with a given condition will have an abnormal result
How likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition?
All choices are incorrect. - ANSWER High percentage of persons with the given
condition will have an abnormal result
What sources do NPs use to help with clinical decision making? - ANSWER -
National Guideline Clearinghouse-Cochrane Collaboration-Essential Evidence
Plus-UpToDate-DynaMed-Smartphone or tablet options: Skyscape constellation,
Pepid primary care
A 4-year-old child presents with low-grade fever, posterior auricular
lymphadenopathy, and a maculopapular rash that started on the face and spread to
the trunk. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER rubella
Rationale Answers | Expert Graded A+
1. Which of the following is an appropriate differential diagnosis for seborrhea
keratosis?
Benign pigmented naevi
Pigmented basal cell carcinoma.
Malignant Melanoma.
All choices are correct - ANSWER all answers are correct
2. A 30-year-old woman presents with diffuse hair shedding 3 months
postpartum. She has no bald patches or scarring. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Alopecia areata
B. Telogen effluvium
C. Androgenic alopecia
D. Tinea capitis - ANSWER B. Telogen effluvium
Rationale:Telogen effluvium is characterized by diffuse hair shedding
following a physical or emotional stressor, such as childbirth. It is non-scarring
and self-limited
3. What is the most appropriate management of telogen effluvium?
A. Topical corticosteroids
B. Minoxidil
C. Reassurance and addressing underlying causes
D. Oral antibiotics - ANSWER Rationale:Telogen effluvium is typically
self-limited. Reassurance and identification/correction of contributing
factors (e.g., iron deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, stress) are key.
,4. A 12-year-old boy presents with a circular, erythematous, scaly patch with
central clearing on his forearm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Eczema
B. Tinea corporis
C. Psoriasis
D. Impetigo - ANSWER B. Tinea corporis
Rationale:Tinea corporis classically presents as an annular, scaly lesion with
central clearing and a raised border, commonly known as ringworm.
5. Which diagnostic test confirms the presence of tinea corporis?
A. Wood's lamp
B. Tzanck smear
C. KOH prep of skin scraping
D. Bacterial culture - ANSWER C. KOH prep of skin scraping
Rationale:A KOH preparation dissolves keratin and allows visualization of
fungal hyphae under a microscope, confirming dermatophyte infection.
6. Which of the following is most indicative of a need for emergency treatment
in a patient with urticaria?
A. Rash persisting for several days
B. Associated angioedema of lips or tongue
C. Mild itching
D. Localized hives on the arms - ANSWER B. Associated angioedema
of lips or tongue
Rationale:Angioedema involving the airway (e.g., lips, tongue, throat) can
compromise breathing and may signal anaphylaxis, requiring immediate
intervention with epinephrine.
7. Which of the following is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated tinea
corporis?
A. Oral fluconazole
B. Topical clotrimazole
C. Topical hydrocortisone
, D. Oral terbinafine - ANSWER B. Topical clotrimazole
Rationale:Topical antifungals such as clotrimazole or terbinafine are first-line
treatments for localized dermatophyte infections like tinea corporis.
8. A 55-year-old man presents with thickened, discolored toenails. What is the
most appropriate treatment for onychomycosis?
A. Oral terbinafine for 12 weeks
B. Topical nystatin
C. Oral fluconazole for 3 days
D. Topical hydrocortisone - ANSWER A. Oral terbinafine for 12 weeks
Rationale:Onychomycosis usually requires oral antifungal therapy due to poor
nail plate penetration. Terbinafine for 12 weeks is standard for toenails.
9. A homeless man presents with pruritus and excoriated skin, especially
around seams of clothing. Lice and nits are found in his clothing. What is the
diagnosis?
A. Pediculosis capitis
B. Pediculosis pubis
C. Pediculosis corporis
D. Scabies - ANSWER C. Pediculosis corporis
Rationale:Body lice live in clothing seams and come onto the skin to feed.
Treatment includes bathing and laundering or discarding infested clothing.
Which medication is commonly used for systemic treatment of scabies, especially
in crusted or resistant cases?
A. Permethrin cream 5%
B. Ivermectin orally
C. Fluconazole
D. Ketoconazole shampoo - ANSWER B. Ivermectin orally
, Rationale:Oral ivermectin is effective for systemic treatment of scabies,
particularly in crusted scabies or when topical therapy fails or is impractical.
which of the following is a differential diagnosis for conductive hearing
loss?Otoxicity.
Acoustic.
Neuroma
Meniere's disease
Otitis externa - ANSWER otitis externa
What is the indication of a diagnostic study with high sensitivity?
High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
.A low percentage of persons with a given condition will have an abnormal result
How likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition?
All choices are incorrect. - ANSWER High percentage of persons with the given
condition will have an abnormal result
What sources do NPs use to help with clinical decision making? - ANSWER -
National Guideline Clearinghouse-Cochrane Collaboration-Essential Evidence
Plus-UpToDate-DynaMed-Smartphone or tablet options: Skyscape constellation,
Pepid primary care
A 4-year-old child presents with low-grade fever, posterior auricular
lymphadenopathy, and a maculopapular rash that started on the face and spread to
the trunk. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER rubella
