NU 578 Pharm Adv. Practice Nurses
Unit 1
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
What populations are vulnerable? P13 - answer what the body does to the drug
newborns cannot metabolize drugs very efficiently until about a year of age. The elderly
are vulnerable to adverse drug effects because they cannot excrete drugs efficiently.
How are these changes monitored? Absorption of drugs takes into account dosing—
specifically the different routes and considerations like the first pass effect and
enterohepatic circulation. Distribution considers biologic membranes, blood flow and
protein binding—any of which may be affected in a patient in a disease state (or with
advancing age....or in pregnancy).
CYP450 characteristics, induction, inhibition p17-18 - answerMost metabolism is done
in the liver by this enzyme, cytochrome family of 12. 3 metabolism drugs while 9
metabolize endogenous.
P-glycoprotein p14 - answerPGP transport protein
Pediatric/infant populations and PK effects p18 - answerLiver not developed until one
year, unable to metabolize drugs the same way
Geriatric populations and PK effects p18 p61 - answerSlow drug metabolism
Blood brain barrier (BBB) p16 - answerPrevents passage of drugs; not developed in 1s
year of life
Effects of renal function on drug persistence in the body - answer
Effectors of drug distribution (protein levels, decreased cardiac function, blood-brain
barrier, placental barrier) - answer
Effectors of drug absorption p15 - answer
How do drugs cross membranes? What things influence this? What do polarity and
charge (ionizations) have to do with drugs crossing membranes (or not crossing them)?
P13-15 - answer
What is the first-pass effect? P18 - answerRapid hepatic inactivation of oral drugs
Unit 1
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
What populations are vulnerable? P13 - answer what the body does to the drug
newborns cannot metabolize drugs very efficiently until about a year of age. The elderly
are vulnerable to adverse drug effects because they cannot excrete drugs efficiently.
How are these changes monitored? Absorption of drugs takes into account dosing—
specifically the different routes and considerations like the first pass effect and
enterohepatic circulation. Distribution considers biologic membranes, blood flow and
protein binding—any of which may be affected in a patient in a disease state (or with
advancing age....or in pregnancy).
CYP450 characteristics, induction, inhibition p17-18 - answerMost metabolism is done
in the liver by this enzyme, cytochrome family of 12. 3 metabolism drugs while 9
metabolize endogenous.
P-glycoprotein p14 - answerPGP transport protein
Pediatric/infant populations and PK effects p18 - answerLiver not developed until one
year, unable to metabolize drugs the same way
Geriatric populations and PK effects p18 p61 - answerSlow drug metabolism
Blood brain barrier (BBB) p16 - answerPrevents passage of drugs; not developed in 1s
year of life
Effects of renal function on drug persistence in the body - answer
Effectors of drug distribution (protein levels, decreased cardiac function, blood-brain
barrier, placental barrier) - answer
Effectors of drug absorption p15 - answer
How do drugs cross membranes? What things influence this? What do polarity and
charge (ionizations) have to do with drugs crossing membranes (or not crossing them)?
P13-15 - answer
What is the first-pass effect? P18 - answerRapid hepatic inactivation of oral drugs
