TESTBANK =
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
= = = = = =
Patrick J. Hurley
= =
,Chapter 1 Test A
= = =
MULTIPLE=CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:=The=following=selections=relate=to=distinguishing=arguments=from=nonarguments=a
nd=identifying=conclusions.=Select=the=best=ANSwer=for=each.
1. There=appears=to=be=a=growing=happiness=gap=between=men=and=women.=Women=today=are=working
=more=and=relaxing=less,=while=men=are=working=less=and=relaxing=more.=Forty=years=ago=a=typical=
woman=spent=40=minutes=more=per=week=than=the=typical=man=performing=an=activity=considered=un
pleasant.=Today,=with=men=working=less,=the=gap=is=90=minutes=and=growing.
a. Argument;=conclusion:=Today=...=the=gap=is=90=minutes=and=growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Forty=years=ago=...=an=activity=considered=unpleasant.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=There=appears=to=be=...=between=men=and=women.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Women=today=are=working=more=and=relaxing=less.
ANS:= D PTS:= = 2
2. Lead=is=toxic,=but=do=you=know=why?=Lead=is=toxic=mainly=because=it=preferentially=replaces=other=me
tals=in=biochemical=reactions.=In=so=doing=it=interferes=with=the=proteins=that=regulate=blood=pressure=(w
hich=can=cause=development=delays=in=children=and=high=blood=pressure=in=adults),=heme=production=(
which=can=lead=to=anemia),=and=sperm=production.=Lead=also=displaces=calcium=in=the=reactions=that=tr
ANSmit=electrical=impulses=in=the=brain,=which=diminishes=the=ability=to=think=and=recall=information.
Anne=Marie=Helmstine,="Your=Guide=to=Chemistry"
a. Argument;=conclusion:=It=interferes=with=the=proteins=...=and=sperm=production.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Lead=is=toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=It=preferentially=replaces=other=metals=in=biochemical=reactions.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Lead=also=displaces=calcium=...=recall=information.
ANS:= C PTS:= = 2
3. Aristotle=focused=on=clarifying=the=concept=of=virtue=itself.=He=argued=that=it=was=virtuous=to=choose=the
=proper=amount=of=emotion=and/or=action=called=for=in=a=particular=situation=and=that=extremes=of=emoti
on=and=action=were=vices.=In=all=communities=there=are=some=men=of=practical=wisdom=who=have=the=ca
pacity=to=judge=wisely.=Aristotle=argued=that=they=have=the=capacity=to=follow=the="right=rule"=whatever=
the=situation.
David=Cooper,=Value=Pluralism=and=Ethical=Choice
a. Argument;=conclusion:=In=all=communities=...=capacity=to=judge=wisely.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Aristotle=focused=on=clarifying=the=concept=of=virtue=itself.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=They=have=the=capacity=to=follow=...=the=situation.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=He=argued=that=it=was=virtuous=...=were=vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:= E PTS:= = 2
4. Illegal=immigrants=pay=local=sales=taxes,=and=many=of=them=also=pay=state,=local,=and=federal=income=tax
=and=Social=Security=tax.=They=also=purchase=items=from=local=merchants,=increasing=the=amount=these=
merchants=pay=in=taxes.=In=addition,=they=work=for=low=salaries,=which=increases=the=earnings=of=their=e
mployers=and=the=amount=of=taxes=these=employers=pay.=Thus,=it=is=not=correct=to=say=that=illegal=immig
rants=contribute=nothing=to=the=communities=in=which=they=live.
a. Argument;=conclusion:=It=is=not=correct=to=say=...=communities=in=which=they=live.
1
, b. Argument;=conclusion:=They=work=for=low=salaries=...=these=employers=pay.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Illegal=immigrants=pay=...=Social=Security=tax.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=They=also=purchase=items=...=pay=in=taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:= A PTS:= = 2
5. Numerous=studies=have=indicated=that=women=of=color,=black=women=in=particular,=are=over-
arrested,=over-indicted,=and=over-sentenced.=African-
American=women=are=seven=times=more=likely=to=be=arrested=for=prostitution=than=women=of=other=eth
nic=groups.=Black=women=have=received=significantly=longer=sentences=for=crimes=against=property=an
d=served=longer=periods=in=prison.=For=both=murder=and=drug=offenses,=Euroamerican=women=ended=up
=serving=one-third=less=time=for=the=same=offenses=than=black=women.
Nancy=Kurshan,="Women=and=Imprisonment=in=the=U.S."
a. Argument;=conclusion:=African-American=women=...=other=ethnic=groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=For=both=murder=and=drug=offenses=...=black=women.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=Numerous=studies=have=indicated=...=over-sentenced.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Black=women=have=received=...=longer=periods=in=prison.
ANS:= B PTS:= = 2
6. It's=even=more=important=these=days=that=your=computer=be=protected=by=a=firewall.=There=are=criminal=
elements=lurking=in=the=shadows=of=cyberspace=who=send=out=probes=to=detect=unprotected=PCs.=Once=a
=vulnerable=computer=is=found,=these=criminals=install=software=that=assists=them=in=committing=identit
y=theft=and=fencing=stolen=IDs.=They=also=defraud=online=advertisers=by=using=these=zombie=computers=
to=visit=pay-per-click=ads.
a. Argument;=conclusion:=There=are=criminal=elements=...=to=detect=unprotected=PCs.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Once=a=vulnerable=computer=...=fencing=stolen=IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=They=also=defraud=...=to=visit=pay-per-click=ads.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=It's=even=more=important=...=protected=by=a=firewall.
ANS:= E PTS:= = 2
7. The=earth=is=of=interest=to=astronomy=for=many=reasons.=Nearly=all=observations=must=be=made=through=t
he=atmosphere,=and=the=phenomena=of=the=upper=atmosphere=and=the=magnetosphere=reflect=the=state=of=
interplanetary=space.=The=earth=is=also=the=most=important=object=of=comparison=for=planetologists.
Hannu=Karttunen,=et=al.,=Fundamental=Astronomy
a. Argument;=conclusion:=The=phenomena=...=state=of=interplanetary=space.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=The=earth=is=also=...=for=planetologists.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=The=earth=is=of=interest=to=astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Nearly=all=observations=...=through=the=atmosphere.
ANS:= C PTS:= = 2
8. If=the=trade=in=tiger=products=is=banned,=tiger=reserves=are=guarded=by=well=equipped=staff,=communities
=abutting=tiger=habitat=are=given=a=stake=in=protecting=tigers,=and=the=makers=of=traditional=medicines=ca
n=be=persuaded=that=tiger=parts=are=not=needed,=then=tiger=poaching=will=be=halted,=habitat=and=life=susta
ining=prey=will=be=restored,=and=the=immanent=extinction=of=tigers=in=the=wild=will=be=averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=The=trade=in=tiger=products=is=banned.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Tiger=poaching=will=be=halted.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=The=makers=of=traditional=medicines=...=not=needed.
2
, e. Argument;=conclusion:=Tiger=poaching=will=be=halted=...=will=be=averted.
ANS:= A PTS:= = 2
9. HumANS=are=biological=organisms.=To=understand=our=behavior=and=mental=processes,=we=need=to=un
derstand=their=biological=underpinnings,=starting=with=the=cellular=level,=the=neuron.=How=we=feel,=lear
n,=remember,=and=think=all=stem=from=neuronal=activity.=So,=how=a=neuron=works=and=how=neurons=co
mmunicate=are=crucial=pieces=of=information=in=solving=the=puzzle=of=human=behavior=and=mental=pro
cessing.
Richard=Griggs,=Psychology:=A=Concise=Introduction
a. Argument;=conclusion:=To=understand=our=behavior=...=the=neuron.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=HumANS=are=biological=organisms.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=How=we=feel=...=neuronal=activity.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=How=a=neuron=works=...=mental=processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:= D PTS:= = 2
10. Viruses=are=acellular=entities=too=small=to=be=seen=with=a=light=microscope.=They=are=composed=of=a=nu
cleic=acid=and=a=few=proteins.=Viruses=replicate=themselves=and=display=other=properties=of=living=orga
nisms=only=when=they=have=invaded=living=cells.=Indeed,=some=viruses=can=be=crystallized=and=stored=i
n=a=container=on=a=shelf=for=years,=but=they=retain=the=capacity=to=invade=cells=and=cause=disease.
Jacquelyn=C.=Black,=Microbiology:=Principles=and=Explorations
a. Argument;=conclusion:=They=are=composed=of=a=nucleic=acid=and=a=few=proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Viruses=are=acellular=entities=...=microscope.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=Indeed,=some=viruses=can=be=crystallized=...=cause=disease.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Viruses=replicate=themselves=...=invaded=living=cells.
ANS:= B PTS:= = 2
11. Harnessing=the=clean,=abundant=energy=of=the=sun=and=wind=is=critical=to=solving=the=global=warming=
problem.=Technological=advances=have=brought=the=cost=of=electricity=generated=by=the=wind=down=by
=82=percent=since=1981.=Solar=energy=technology=has=made=remarkable=progress=as=new=photovoltaic=
cells=have=been=developed=to=convert=even=greater=amounts=of=sunlight=directly=into=electricity.=Today
=the=costs=of=wind=and=solar=power=are=becoming=competitive=with=dirty=coal-fired=plants.
Sierra=Club,="Global=Warming=Solutions"
a. Argument;=conclusion:=Today=the=costs=of=wind=...=dirty=coal-fired=plants.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Technological=advances=...=by=82=percent=since=1981.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Harnessing=the=clean=...=the=global=warming=problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Solar=energy=technology=...=directly=into=electricity.
ANS:= D PTS:= = 2
12. It=is=likely=that=innocent=prisoners=in=this=country=have=been=executed=for=crimes=they=did=not=commit.=
From=1973=until=2007,=124=death=row=inmates=have=been=exonerated.=In=many=of=these=cases=DNA=evi
dence=played=a=crucial=role.=Yet,=in=that=same=time=frame,=more=than=1000=prisoners=were=executed.=Fo
r=many=of=these=prisoners=no=DNA=evidence=was=available.=If=such=evidence=had=been=available,=how=m
ay=more=would=have=been=exonerated?
a. Argument;=conclusion:=In=many=of=these=cases=...=played=a=crucial=role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=From=1973=...=have=been=exonerated.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=For=many=of=these=prisoners=...=was=available.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=It=is=likely=that=innocent=prisoners=...=they=did=not=commit.
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
= = = = = =
Patrick J. Hurley
= =
,Chapter 1 Test A
= = =
MULTIPLE=CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:=The=following=selections=relate=to=distinguishing=arguments=from=nonarguments=a
nd=identifying=conclusions.=Select=the=best=ANSwer=for=each.
1. There=appears=to=be=a=growing=happiness=gap=between=men=and=women.=Women=today=are=working
=more=and=relaxing=less,=while=men=are=working=less=and=relaxing=more.=Forty=years=ago=a=typical=
woman=spent=40=minutes=more=per=week=than=the=typical=man=performing=an=activity=considered=un
pleasant.=Today,=with=men=working=less,=the=gap=is=90=minutes=and=growing.
a. Argument;=conclusion:=Today=...=the=gap=is=90=minutes=and=growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Forty=years=ago=...=an=activity=considered=unpleasant.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=There=appears=to=be=...=between=men=and=women.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Women=today=are=working=more=and=relaxing=less.
ANS:= D PTS:= = 2
2. Lead=is=toxic,=but=do=you=know=why?=Lead=is=toxic=mainly=because=it=preferentially=replaces=other=me
tals=in=biochemical=reactions.=In=so=doing=it=interferes=with=the=proteins=that=regulate=blood=pressure=(w
hich=can=cause=development=delays=in=children=and=high=blood=pressure=in=adults),=heme=production=(
which=can=lead=to=anemia),=and=sperm=production.=Lead=also=displaces=calcium=in=the=reactions=that=tr
ANSmit=electrical=impulses=in=the=brain,=which=diminishes=the=ability=to=think=and=recall=information.
Anne=Marie=Helmstine,="Your=Guide=to=Chemistry"
a. Argument;=conclusion:=It=interferes=with=the=proteins=...=and=sperm=production.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Lead=is=toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=It=preferentially=replaces=other=metals=in=biochemical=reactions.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Lead=also=displaces=calcium=...=recall=information.
ANS:= C PTS:= = 2
3. Aristotle=focused=on=clarifying=the=concept=of=virtue=itself.=He=argued=that=it=was=virtuous=to=choose=the
=proper=amount=of=emotion=and/or=action=called=for=in=a=particular=situation=and=that=extremes=of=emoti
on=and=action=were=vices.=In=all=communities=there=are=some=men=of=practical=wisdom=who=have=the=ca
pacity=to=judge=wisely.=Aristotle=argued=that=they=have=the=capacity=to=follow=the="right=rule"=whatever=
the=situation.
David=Cooper,=Value=Pluralism=and=Ethical=Choice
a. Argument;=conclusion:=In=all=communities=...=capacity=to=judge=wisely.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Aristotle=focused=on=clarifying=the=concept=of=virtue=itself.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=They=have=the=capacity=to=follow=...=the=situation.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=He=argued=that=it=was=virtuous=...=were=vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:= E PTS:= = 2
4. Illegal=immigrants=pay=local=sales=taxes,=and=many=of=them=also=pay=state,=local,=and=federal=income=tax
=and=Social=Security=tax.=They=also=purchase=items=from=local=merchants,=increasing=the=amount=these=
merchants=pay=in=taxes.=In=addition,=they=work=for=low=salaries,=which=increases=the=earnings=of=their=e
mployers=and=the=amount=of=taxes=these=employers=pay.=Thus,=it=is=not=correct=to=say=that=illegal=immig
rants=contribute=nothing=to=the=communities=in=which=they=live.
a. Argument;=conclusion:=It=is=not=correct=to=say=...=communities=in=which=they=live.
1
, b. Argument;=conclusion:=They=work=for=low=salaries=...=these=employers=pay.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Illegal=immigrants=pay=...=Social=Security=tax.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=They=also=purchase=items=...=pay=in=taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:= A PTS:= = 2
5. Numerous=studies=have=indicated=that=women=of=color,=black=women=in=particular,=are=over-
arrested,=over-indicted,=and=over-sentenced.=African-
American=women=are=seven=times=more=likely=to=be=arrested=for=prostitution=than=women=of=other=eth
nic=groups.=Black=women=have=received=significantly=longer=sentences=for=crimes=against=property=an
d=served=longer=periods=in=prison.=For=both=murder=and=drug=offenses,=Euroamerican=women=ended=up
=serving=one-third=less=time=for=the=same=offenses=than=black=women.
Nancy=Kurshan,="Women=and=Imprisonment=in=the=U.S."
a. Argument;=conclusion:=African-American=women=...=other=ethnic=groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=For=both=murder=and=drug=offenses=...=black=women.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=Numerous=studies=have=indicated=...=over-sentenced.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Black=women=have=received=...=longer=periods=in=prison.
ANS:= B PTS:= = 2
6. It's=even=more=important=these=days=that=your=computer=be=protected=by=a=firewall.=There=are=criminal=
elements=lurking=in=the=shadows=of=cyberspace=who=send=out=probes=to=detect=unprotected=PCs.=Once=a
=vulnerable=computer=is=found,=these=criminals=install=software=that=assists=them=in=committing=identit
y=theft=and=fencing=stolen=IDs.=They=also=defraud=online=advertisers=by=using=these=zombie=computers=
to=visit=pay-per-click=ads.
a. Argument;=conclusion:=There=are=criminal=elements=...=to=detect=unprotected=PCs.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Once=a=vulnerable=computer=...=fencing=stolen=IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=They=also=defraud=...=to=visit=pay-per-click=ads.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=It's=even=more=important=...=protected=by=a=firewall.
ANS:= E PTS:= = 2
7. The=earth=is=of=interest=to=astronomy=for=many=reasons.=Nearly=all=observations=must=be=made=through=t
he=atmosphere,=and=the=phenomena=of=the=upper=atmosphere=and=the=magnetosphere=reflect=the=state=of=
interplanetary=space.=The=earth=is=also=the=most=important=object=of=comparison=for=planetologists.
Hannu=Karttunen,=et=al.,=Fundamental=Astronomy
a. Argument;=conclusion:=The=phenomena=...=state=of=interplanetary=space.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=The=earth=is=also=...=for=planetologists.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=The=earth=is=of=interest=to=astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Nearly=all=observations=...=through=the=atmosphere.
ANS:= C PTS:= = 2
8. If=the=trade=in=tiger=products=is=banned,=tiger=reserves=are=guarded=by=well=equipped=staff,=communities
=abutting=tiger=habitat=are=given=a=stake=in=protecting=tigers,=and=the=makers=of=traditional=medicines=ca
n=be=persuaded=that=tiger=parts=are=not=needed,=then=tiger=poaching=will=be=halted,=habitat=and=life=susta
ining=prey=will=be=restored,=and=the=immanent=extinction=of=tigers=in=the=wild=will=be=averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=The=trade=in=tiger=products=is=banned.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Tiger=poaching=will=be=halted.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=The=makers=of=traditional=medicines=...=not=needed.
2
, e. Argument;=conclusion:=Tiger=poaching=will=be=halted=...=will=be=averted.
ANS:= A PTS:= = 2
9. HumANS=are=biological=organisms.=To=understand=our=behavior=and=mental=processes,=we=need=to=un
derstand=their=biological=underpinnings,=starting=with=the=cellular=level,=the=neuron.=How=we=feel,=lear
n,=remember,=and=think=all=stem=from=neuronal=activity.=So,=how=a=neuron=works=and=how=neurons=co
mmunicate=are=crucial=pieces=of=information=in=solving=the=puzzle=of=human=behavior=and=mental=pro
cessing.
Richard=Griggs,=Psychology:=A=Concise=Introduction
a. Argument;=conclusion:=To=understand=our=behavior=...=the=neuron.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=HumANS=are=biological=organisms.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=How=we=feel=...=neuronal=activity.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=How=a=neuron=works=...=mental=processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:= D PTS:= = 2
10. Viruses=are=acellular=entities=too=small=to=be=seen=with=a=light=microscope.=They=are=composed=of=a=nu
cleic=acid=and=a=few=proteins.=Viruses=replicate=themselves=and=display=other=properties=of=living=orga
nisms=only=when=they=have=invaded=living=cells.=Indeed,=some=viruses=can=be=crystallized=and=stored=i
n=a=container=on=a=shelf=for=years,=but=they=retain=the=capacity=to=invade=cells=and=cause=disease.
Jacquelyn=C.=Black,=Microbiology:=Principles=and=Explorations
a. Argument;=conclusion:=They=are=composed=of=a=nucleic=acid=and=a=few=proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Viruses=are=acellular=entities=...=microscope.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=Indeed,=some=viruses=can=be=crystallized=...=cause=disease.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Viruses=replicate=themselves=...=invaded=living=cells.
ANS:= B PTS:= = 2
11. Harnessing=the=clean,=abundant=energy=of=the=sun=and=wind=is=critical=to=solving=the=global=warming=
problem.=Technological=advances=have=brought=the=cost=of=electricity=generated=by=the=wind=down=by
=82=percent=since=1981.=Solar=energy=technology=has=made=remarkable=progress=as=new=photovoltaic=
cells=have=been=developed=to=convert=even=greater=amounts=of=sunlight=directly=into=electricity.=Today
=the=costs=of=wind=and=solar=power=are=becoming=competitive=with=dirty=coal-fired=plants.
Sierra=Club,="Global=Warming=Solutions"
a. Argument;=conclusion:=Today=the=costs=of=wind=...=dirty=coal-fired=plants.
b. Argument;=conclusion:=Technological=advances=...=by=82=percent=since=1981.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=Harnessing=the=clean=...=the=global=warming=problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=Solar=energy=technology=...=directly=into=electricity.
ANS:= D PTS:= = 2
12. It=is=likely=that=innocent=prisoners=in=this=country=have=been=executed=for=crimes=they=did=not=commit.=
From=1973=until=2007,=124=death=row=inmates=have=been=exonerated.=In=many=of=these=cases=DNA=evi
dence=played=a=crucial=role.=Yet,=in=that=same=time=frame,=more=than=1000=prisoners=were=executed.=Fo
r=many=of=these=prisoners=no=DNA=evidence=was=available.=If=such=evidence=had=been=available,=how=m
ay=more=would=have=been=exonerated?
a. Argument;=conclusion:=In=many=of=these=cases=...=played=a=crucial=role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;=conclusion:=From=1973=...=have=been=exonerated.
d. Argument;=conclusion:=For=many=of=these=prisoners=...=was=available.
e. Argument;=conclusion:=It=is=likely=that=innocent=prisoners=...=they=did=not=commit.
3
