RATED A+ | 2026
Idealism (ed)
perfect world
Realism (ed)
world is orderly
scien fic
objec ves
analysis
Perennialism (ed)
RRR
its about important basics
Behaviorism (ed)
s m - response
rewards
objec ves
behavior can be modified
teacher centered
Ex: contracts, preprogrammed modules
Post modern ed philosophies
social meaning of learning
there are different ways of learning:
Phenomenological
narra ve pedagogy
humanism
caring curriculum
feminism
emancipatory ed
Phenomonological (ed)
,meaning in the wri&en word
Humanism (ed)
maslow - self actualiza on
ed leads to personal happiness
ed leads us to jobs and money
feminism (ed)
women are oppressed in the ed environment
democra c concepts
student ideas and opinions regularly contribute to learning
teacher is the guide by the side
respect different values
emancipatory
pedagogy of the oppressed
we oppress students in the classroom
learning theories
cogni vism or info processing theory
Carpers - ways of knowing
Munhall - unknowing
Benner - novice to expert
Carpers ways of knowing (L)
Empirical - EBP/science/ tested outcomes
personal knowledge - how they feel in a situa on/ previous experiences
ethical knowledge - a.tudes morals big decisions
esthe c - situa onal understanding
Munhill (L)
Unknowing
the nurse can't know everything about the pa ent and has to be willing to learn from the pt
Benner (L)
, Novice to expert
novice relies on rules
advanced beginner - acceptable performance
competent - 2-3 years
Proficient - understand the situa on
Expert- completely understands pt needs
Deep learning
mo vated learner who really wants to understand all the pieces, see how it all fits
able to answer ques ons at applica on level
Surface learning
just memorize
flash cards
Strategic learning
doing what is needed to get the grade
combina on of surface and deep
4 ways to develop self-efficacy
1. one success leads to another
2. role models - you made a mistake and now watch me
3. verbal persuasion - come on you can do it
4. decrease stress - b/c it decreases self efficacy
Mo va on is formed by:
1.modeling
2. communicate expecta ons - raise the bar
3. direct instruc on - repeat things 3 mes
4. socializa on by teachers
Elements of a lesson plan
learning outcome
content
me
method