Kafli 2 - The Many Faces of Substance Misuse
“People think I do drugs because I'm self-destructive. But, if anything, I am averting suicide. I
don't much like my life, but for some dumb reason, I want to be alive, because sooner or later, I
figure it will work out. I should and could be in New York, taking steps toward making it work;
but I've been trying that for years, and is no longer feasible. I can't do it anymore. I give up. I
surrender. The only thing keeping me from killing myself is drugs - and the fact that I can still
run away.”
Elizabeth Wurtzel
The drug of choice is harmonious with the user’s characteristic means of reducing stress.
ON THE PREFERENTIAL Ground -braking that the teacher conducted
ABUSE OF HEROIN AND
Most likely is the question whether alcohol and drug abusers’ dyed-in-
AMPHETAMINE
• MILKMAN, HARVEY; the-wool hedonists and covertly suicidal not true.
FROSCH, WILLIAM A.
• The Journal of
Nervous and Mental According to Khantzian, an individual’s vulnerability to substances is
Disease. 156(4):242- founded on what Carl Jung famously referred to as spiritum contrathe
248, April 1973.
spirit spiritus that is, spirituality can overcome spirits (alcohol). This
formulation implies that harmful involvement with mind altering
chemicals is related to our drive for comfort, connection and wholeness. DRUGS PUSH ASIDE
SUFFERING.
This quote
• Khantzian developed the “self-
capturesmedication”
the model of addiction
• According
essence of this to Khantzian there are
4 main areas of human suffering
perspective
that evoke dependence on
hedonic pursuits –
– Emotions
– Self-esteem
– Relationships
– Self-care
• This model incorporates a more
humane, person-centered view o
addiction
Khantzian reminds us that the view of addiction as “pleasure seeking” Is a widely held
misperception that contributes to the view that addiction should be managed in the criminal
1
, justice sector rather than be viewed as a disease or disorder. The notion that addictions are a
manifestation of suicidal intent is another misguided perception… most people with addictions
have dreams and aspirations for the future and look forward to the day they have sustained
abstinence and stability in their lives. Khantzian reminds us to treat our addicted patients with
the compassion care and understanding than they need to overcome their addiction. Females
abuse substances = coping with abusive experiences and males abuse substances = coping with
suffering from traumatic life events. (Sharp, 2003)
Mental Health and Substance Abuse
for the concept of self - medication to apply, the substance user must have some sort of
condition from which they seek relief. Chicken and the egg problem:
Self-medication implies that the condition (typically psychological in nature) came first,
leading the person to adopt the use of substances to help ease the discomfort of the
condition. Often times co-occurring conditions have a reciprocal relationship that
worsens both conditions It is quite possible that the common factors (genetics, traumatic
experiences etc.) may denote a tendency for a person to develop both an addiction and
another psychological condition. although it is possible that one of the conditions
preceded the other, the tendency for them to co-occur may be due to share genetic
vulnerabilities and common environmental risk factors – same brain regions may be
involved in mental illness as in substance use or both are considered to be developmental
disorders.
Because of what is written in the text box NIDA 2012 - Individualized treatment approaches
therefore strive to treat the entire person with all of their • NIDA (2012): 4 out of 10
substance abusers have co-
issues, rather than addressing an addiction separately.
occurring psychological disorders
Figure 2.1 Past year substance Use Disorder and Mental Illness among • Common co-occurring disorders –
Adults Aged 18 and older, 2014. According to these survey data 39% of
U.S adults with substance use disorders had a co-occurring psychological – Personality disorders-
disorder. (SAMHS, 2015) antisocial and borderline
For treatment to be successful for women, they require – Mood disorders – major
depression and bipolar
increased levels of family or community support. More men
– Anxiety disorders – post-
than women are in treatment for substance Use Disorder! but traumatic stress disorder
the rate for women is has increased! Women are more likely – Schizophrenia
– ADHD
• In regard to self-medication: Women
2 are more likely to have the co-
occurring conditions of – depression,
anxiety, borderline personality
disorder, or eating disorders
“People think I do drugs because I'm self-destructive. But, if anything, I am averting suicide. I
don't much like my life, but for some dumb reason, I want to be alive, because sooner or later, I
figure it will work out. I should and could be in New York, taking steps toward making it work;
but I've been trying that for years, and is no longer feasible. I can't do it anymore. I give up. I
surrender. The only thing keeping me from killing myself is drugs - and the fact that I can still
run away.”
Elizabeth Wurtzel
The drug of choice is harmonious with the user’s characteristic means of reducing stress.
ON THE PREFERENTIAL Ground -braking that the teacher conducted
ABUSE OF HEROIN AND
Most likely is the question whether alcohol and drug abusers’ dyed-in-
AMPHETAMINE
• MILKMAN, HARVEY; the-wool hedonists and covertly suicidal not true.
FROSCH, WILLIAM A.
• The Journal of
Nervous and Mental According to Khantzian, an individual’s vulnerability to substances is
Disease. 156(4):242- founded on what Carl Jung famously referred to as spiritum contrathe
248, April 1973.
spirit spiritus that is, spirituality can overcome spirits (alcohol). This
formulation implies that harmful involvement with mind altering
chemicals is related to our drive for comfort, connection and wholeness. DRUGS PUSH ASIDE
SUFFERING.
This quote
• Khantzian developed the “self-
capturesmedication”
the model of addiction
• According
essence of this to Khantzian there are
4 main areas of human suffering
perspective
that evoke dependence on
hedonic pursuits –
– Emotions
– Self-esteem
– Relationships
– Self-care
• This model incorporates a more
humane, person-centered view o
addiction
Khantzian reminds us that the view of addiction as “pleasure seeking” Is a widely held
misperception that contributes to the view that addiction should be managed in the criminal
1
, justice sector rather than be viewed as a disease or disorder. The notion that addictions are a
manifestation of suicidal intent is another misguided perception… most people with addictions
have dreams and aspirations for the future and look forward to the day they have sustained
abstinence and stability in their lives. Khantzian reminds us to treat our addicted patients with
the compassion care and understanding than they need to overcome their addiction. Females
abuse substances = coping with abusive experiences and males abuse substances = coping with
suffering from traumatic life events. (Sharp, 2003)
Mental Health and Substance Abuse
for the concept of self - medication to apply, the substance user must have some sort of
condition from which they seek relief. Chicken and the egg problem:
Self-medication implies that the condition (typically psychological in nature) came first,
leading the person to adopt the use of substances to help ease the discomfort of the
condition. Often times co-occurring conditions have a reciprocal relationship that
worsens both conditions It is quite possible that the common factors (genetics, traumatic
experiences etc.) may denote a tendency for a person to develop both an addiction and
another psychological condition. although it is possible that one of the conditions
preceded the other, the tendency for them to co-occur may be due to share genetic
vulnerabilities and common environmental risk factors – same brain regions may be
involved in mental illness as in substance use or both are considered to be developmental
disorders.
Because of what is written in the text box NIDA 2012 - Individualized treatment approaches
therefore strive to treat the entire person with all of their • NIDA (2012): 4 out of 10
substance abusers have co-
issues, rather than addressing an addiction separately.
occurring psychological disorders
Figure 2.1 Past year substance Use Disorder and Mental Illness among • Common co-occurring disorders –
Adults Aged 18 and older, 2014. According to these survey data 39% of
U.S adults with substance use disorders had a co-occurring psychological – Personality disorders-
disorder. (SAMHS, 2015) antisocial and borderline
For treatment to be successful for women, they require – Mood disorders – major
depression and bipolar
increased levels of family or community support. More men
– Anxiety disorders – post-
than women are in treatment for substance Use Disorder! but traumatic stress disorder
the rate for women is has increased! Women are more likely – Schizophrenia
– ADHD
• In regard to self-medication: Women
2 are more likely to have the co-
occurring conditions of – depression,
anxiety, borderline personality
disorder, or eating disorders
