NCC Board Review: NNP-BC
Questions and Answers Updated
2026
NormalMWBCMcountM-MAnswerM5,000-10,000
ANCM-MAnswerM1500-8000
<1500-Mneutropenic
AmphotericinMBM-MAnswerMAntifungalMforMcandidaMsepsis
FlucystosineM-MAnswerMAnalogMofMtheMnucleotideMcytosine
CanMbeMusedMtoMtreatMcertainMcutaneousMmycoses
UsuallyMcombinedMwithMamphotericinMBMforMCNSMinfection.
FanconiManemiaM-MAnswerMFANCA,MB,MC,MD2,ME,MF,MGMMostlyMArMbutMsomeMX-
linked
shortMstature,MabnlMpigmentation,M,MAML,MtumorsMofMheadMandMneck,MradialMpolydact
yly
CafeMauMlaitMspots
oxyhemoglobinMdissociationMcurveM-
MAnswerMRelationshipMbetweenMavailableMoxygenMandMamountMofMoxygenMcarriedMbyM
hemoglobin.
Left:MfetalMHgB,Malkalosis,Mheat,MincreasedM2,3MDPG
Right:MadultMHgB,Macidosis,Mcool,MdecreasedM2,3MDPG
BallardMExamM-MAnswerMforMgestationalMage
assessmentMofMpassiveMflexorMtoneMvia
-MpassiveMflexion
-MresistanceMtoMpassiveMflexion
-ManglesMofMrecoil
,physicalMassessment
-MskinMtexture
-Mlanugo
-MplantarMsurfacesMcreasesM(appearMfromM28Mweeks-term)
-MbreastM
-Mear/eyesM(eyesMfuseM@M23Mweeks,MopenMbtwnM26-28Mweeks)
-Mgenitals
BradykininM-
MAnswerMaMpowerfulMvasodilatorMthatMincreasesMcapillaryMpermeabilityMandMconstrictsMs
moothMmuscle
OrtolaniMmaneuverM(checksMifMOUT)M-
MAnswerMcheckMhipsMforMcongenitalMdislocation,MdoneMuntilM1MyrMold,MshouldMbeMsm
oothMwithMnoMsounds
,Mabnormal=MfeelsMlikeMaMclunkMasMheadMofMfemurMpopsMbackMintoMplace-
MpositiveMortolaniMsign
BarlowMmaneuverM-MAnswerMnewbornMhipMevaluationM-MadductionMofMhipM-
MevaluatesMforMcongenitalMdislocation,MdislocatesMheadMofMfemur
FractionalMExcretionMofMSodiumM(FENa)M-
MAnswerM(urineMNaM*MserumMCr)M/M(serumMNaM*MurineMCr)M*M100
endocardialMcushionMdefectM-
MAnswerMAbnormalityMinMtheMwallsMbetweenMallMfourMheartMchambers.MAssociatedMwit
hMdownMsyndrome.MSeparatesMatriaMandMventricles
TetralogyMofMFallotM-MAnswerMcongenitalMmalformationMinvolvingMfourM(tetra-
)MdistinctMheartMdefects:M
OverridingMaorta
VSD
PulmonaryMstenosisM
,RVMhypertrophy
**CyanosisMdependsMonMdegreeMofMPS
5MT'sMofMCyanoticMHeartMDiseaseM-
MAnswerMTOFM(VSD,MpulmonicMstenosis,MoverridingMaorta,MR.MVentricleMhypertrophy)
TranspositionMofMGreatMVesselsM(showsMthinMmediastinumMonMCXRM("eggMonMstring"))
SnowMstormMCXR?M-lotsMofMfluid,MtotalManomalousMvenousMreturn
DiGeorgeMisMassociatedMwith?MTruncusMarteriosis.
TricuspidMAtresia
AmpicillinM-MAnswerMAMpenicillinMthatMisMeffectiveMagainstMgram-negativeMandMgram-
positiveMbacteria
GentamicinM-
MAnswerMAminoglycosideMprototype:MbactericidalMinhibitorMofMproteinMsynthesisM(30S);Ma
ctiveMagainstMmanyMaerobicMgram−negativeMbacteria.MNarrowMtherapeuticMwindow;Mdose
MreductionMrequiredMinMrenalMimpairment.MTox:MrenalMdysfunction,Mototoxicity;Monce−dai
lyMdosingMisMeffectiveM(post−antibioticMeffect)MandMlessMtoxic
GentamicinMlevelsM-MAnswerMTroughM<M2
PeakM5-12
VancomycinMlevelsM-MAnswerMTroughM<10M
PeakM20-40
CefotaximeM-MAnswerM3rdMgenerationMcephalosporin
PharmacokineticsM-
MAnswerMtheMstudyMofMdrugMmovementMthroughoutMtheMbodyM(ADME)
, PharmacodynamicsM-MAnswerMTheMstudyMofMwhatMtheMdrugMdoesMtoMtheMbody
VolumeMofMdistributionM-
MAnswerMVdM=M(amountMofMdrugMinMtheMbody)M/M(plasmaMdrugMconcentration)
ThrombocytopeniaM-MAnswerMlowMplateletMcount
NeonatalMAlloimmuneMThrombocytopeniaM-
MAnswerMMomMbecomesMalloimmunizedMagainstMpaternalMantibodiesMonMinfantMplatelets
MleadingMtoMlowMplatelets,MmaternalMplateletsMnormal-
MgiveMmaternalMplateletsMtoMbaby
NeonatalMautoimmuneMthrombocytopeniaM-
MAnswerMMaternalMconditionM(SLE)McausesMlowMplateletsMinMmomMandMbabyM-
MgiveMsteroids
IL-1M-MAnswerM-SecretedMbyMmacrophagesM
-AlsoMcalledMosteoclast-activatingMfactor.MCausesMfever,MacuteMinflammation.M
-ActivatesMendotheliumMtoMexpressMadhesionMmolecules.
-InducesMchemokineMsecretionMtoMrecruitMWBCs.
TNFM-
MAnswerMSecretedMbyMmacrophages.MMediatesMsepticMshock.MCausesMleukocyteMrecruitm
ent,MvascularMleak.
EndotoxinM-
MAnswerMaMtoxinMthatMisMpresentMinsideMaMbacterialMcellMandMisMreleasedMwhenMthe
McellMdisintegrates
CRPM-MAnswerMAcuteMphaseMprotein,MpeaksMwithinM2-
3MdaysMofMinflammatoryMsequence.MNegativeMisMreassuringMthatMsepsisMisMNOTMpresen
t.
Questions and Answers Updated
2026
NormalMWBCMcountM-MAnswerM5,000-10,000
ANCM-MAnswerM1500-8000
<1500-Mneutropenic
AmphotericinMBM-MAnswerMAntifungalMforMcandidaMsepsis
FlucystosineM-MAnswerMAnalogMofMtheMnucleotideMcytosine
CanMbeMusedMtoMtreatMcertainMcutaneousMmycoses
UsuallyMcombinedMwithMamphotericinMBMforMCNSMinfection.
FanconiManemiaM-MAnswerMFANCA,MB,MC,MD2,ME,MF,MGMMostlyMArMbutMsomeMX-
linked
shortMstature,MabnlMpigmentation,M,MAML,MtumorsMofMheadMandMneck,MradialMpolydact
yly
CafeMauMlaitMspots
oxyhemoglobinMdissociationMcurveM-
MAnswerMRelationshipMbetweenMavailableMoxygenMandMamountMofMoxygenMcarriedMbyM
hemoglobin.
Left:MfetalMHgB,Malkalosis,Mheat,MincreasedM2,3MDPG
Right:MadultMHgB,Macidosis,Mcool,MdecreasedM2,3MDPG
BallardMExamM-MAnswerMforMgestationalMage
assessmentMofMpassiveMflexorMtoneMvia
-MpassiveMflexion
-MresistanceMtoMpassiveMflexion
-ManglesMofMrecoil
,physicalMassessment
-MskinMtexture
-Mlanugo
-MplantarMsurfacesMcreasesM(appearMfromM28Mweeks-term)
-MbreastM
-Mear/eyesM(eyesMfuseM@M23Mweeks,MopenMbtwnM26-28Mweeks)
-Mgenitals
BradykininM-
MAnswerMaMpowerfulMvasodilatorMthatMincreasesMcapillaryMpermeabilityMandMconstrictsMs
moothMmuscle
OrtolaniMmaneuverM(checksMifMOUT)M-
MAnswerMcheckMhipsMforMcongenitalMdislocation,MdoneMuntilM1MyrMold,MshouldMbeMsm
oothMwithMnoMsounds
,Mabnormal=MfeelsMlikeMaMclunkMasMheadMofMfemurMpopsMbackMintoMplace-
MpositiveMortolaniMsign
BarlowMmaneuverM-MAnswerMnewbornMhipMevaluationM-MadductionMofMhipM-
MevaluatesMforMcongenitalMdislocation,MdislocatesMheadMofMfemur
FractionalMExcretionMofMSodiumM(FENa)M-
MAnswerM(urineMNaM*MserumMCr)M/M(serumMNaM*MurineMCr)M*M100
endocardialMcushionMdefectM-
MAnswerMAbnormalityMinMtheMwallsMbetweenMallMfourMheartMchambers.MAssociatedMwit
hMdownMsyndrome.MSeparatesMatriaMandMventricles
TetralogyMofMFallotM-MAnswerMcongenitalMmalformationMinvolvingMfourM(tetra-
)MdistinctMheartMdefects:M
OverridingMaorta
VSD
PulmonaryMstenosisM
,RVMhypertrophy
**CyanosisMdependsMonMdegreeMofMPS
5MT'sMofMCyanoticMHeartMDiseaseM-
MAnswerMTOFM(VSD,MpulmonicMstenosis,MoverridingMaorta,MR.MVentricleMhypertrophy)
TranspositionMofMGreatMVesselsM(showsMthinMmediastinumMonMCXRM("eggMonMstring"))
SnowMstormMCXR?M-lotsMofMfluid,MtotalManomalousMvenousMreturn
DiGeorgeMisMassociatedMwith?MTruncusMarteriosis.
TricuspidMAtresia
AmpicillinM-MAnswerMAMpenicillinMthatMisMeffectiveMagainstMgram-negativeMandMgram-
positiveMbacteria
GentamicinM-
MAnswerMAminoglycosideMprototype:MbactericidalMinhibitorMofMproteinMsynthesisM(30S);Ma
ctiveMagainstMmanyMaerobicMgram−negativeMbacteria.MNarrowMtherapeuticMwindow;Mdose
MreductionMrequiredMinMrenalMimpairment.MTox:MrenalMdysfunction,Mototoxicity;Monce−dai
lyMdosingMisMeffectiveM(post−antibioticMeffect)MandMlessMtoxic
GentamicinMlevelsM-MAnswerMTroughM<M2
PeakM5-12
VancomycinMlevelsM-MAnswerMTroughM<10M
PeakM20-40
CefotaximeM-MAnswerM3rdMgenerationMcephalosporin
PharmacokineticsM-
MAnswerMtheMstudyMofMdrugMmovementMthroughoutMtheMbodyM(ADME)
, PharmacodynamicsM-MAnswerMTheMstudyMofMwhatMtheMdrugMdoesMtoMtheMbody
VolumeMofMdistributionM-
MAnswerMVdM=M(amountMofMdrugMinMtheMbody)M/M(plasmaMdrugMconcentration)
ThrombocytopeniaM-MAnswerMlowMplateletMcount
NeonatalMAlloimmuneMThrombocytopeniaM-
MAnswerMMomMbecomesMalloimmunizedMagainstMpaternalMantibodiesMonMinfantMplatelets
MleadingMtoMlowMplatelets,MmaternalMplateletsMnormal-
MgiveMmaternalMplateletsMtoMbaby
NeonatalMautoimmuneMthrombocytopeniaM-
MAnswerMMaternalMconditionM(SLE)McausesMlowMplateletsMinMmomMandMbabyM-
MgiveMsteroids
IL-1M-MAnswerM-SecretedMbyMmacrophagesM
-AlsoMcalledMosteoclast-activatingMfactor.MCausesMfever,MacuteMinflammation.M
-ActivatesMendotheliumMtoMexpressMadhesionMmolecules.
-InducesMchemokineMsecretionMtoMrecruitMWBCs.
TNFM-
MAnswerMSecretedMbyMmacrophages.MMediatesMsepticMshock.MCausesMleukocyteMrecruitm
ent,MvascularMleak.
EndotoxinM-
MAnswerMaMtoxinMthatMisMpresentMinsideMaMbacterialMcellMandMisMreleasedMwhenMthe
McellMdisintegrates
CRPM-MAnswerMAcuteMphaseMprotein,MpeaksMwithinM2-
3MdaysMofMinflammatoryMsequence.MNegativeMisMreassuringMthatMsepsisMisMNOTMpresen
t.
