STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ construct (accurate representation).
Answer: extend to which a higher-order CONSTRUCT IS ACCURATELY
REPRESENTED in particular studyex. teacher stress, dyslexia, and misuse
of testing in schools
◍ applied research.
Answer: answering real-world, practical questions in order to provide
relatively immediate solutions**conducted in more natural or real-world
settings as opposed to basic research.**results would potentially have
practical implications for educational policy**applied research studies often
lead to intervention programs aimed at improving societal conditions
◍ strengths of action research.
Answer: - can be conducted by local practitioners- produces lifelong
learners - integrates theory and practice- is committed to democratic social
change- empowers practitioners to contribute to knowledge- describes the
complexities of local situations- improves practice at the local level
◍ quantitative research (what is it?).
Answer: is a major approach to research with the specific purpose of
answering research questions that lend themselves to study through
collection of NUMERICAL DATA (i.e. rating scales, GPA, frequency of
events.)*has own set of assumptions and unique methods*follows
confirmatory scientific method - focusing on hypothesis and theory
testing**quantitative research can also be exploratory as well when it has a
descriptive focus**MOST COMMON
OBJECTIVES**descriptionpredictioncontrolexplanation-- researchers try to
, identify cause and effect relationships and search for probabilistic causes--
use narrow-angle lens - focusing on only one or a few causal factors at the
same time
◍ A company's leadership observes that the company's growth is stagnant
despite recent investments in new technologies. The leadership is
considering shifting focus to human development as part of their long-term
strategy for digital success and economic growth.How will this shift
contribute to organizational success?a. By eliminating the need to provide
ongoing learning programsb. By focusing employees' roles based on their
current expertisec. By prioritizing economic goals over personal growthd.
By improving employees' capabilities and broadening their choices.
Answer: By improving employees' capabilities and broadening their choices
◍ interscorer.
Answer: - consistency or degree of AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO OR
MORE JUDGES or raters
◍ ontology (mixed research).
Answer: nature of reality/truth- pluralism- appreciation of objective-
subjective- intersubjective realities and their interrelations
◍ multidata-multianlysis.
Answer: (a) for quantitative analysis (QUAN) and qualitative analysis of
quantitative data (QUALITIZE)AND(b) for qualitative data: qualitative
analysis (QUAL) and quantitative analysis of qualitative data
(QUANTITIZE)
◍ influence (motivation).
Answer: (type of research objective)attempting to apply research to make
certain outcomes occur**application of research knowledge to control
various aspects of the world
◍ Zone of proximal development.
Answer: phase of learning during which children can benefit from
instruction (When the child is actually learning)
,◍ Maslows needs level 2.
Answer: Safety and security ( Place to live, physical or financial safety
◍ poststructuralism.
Answer: historical intellectual movement that rejects universal truth and
emphasizes differences, deconstruction, interpretation, and the power of
ideas over people's behavior
◍ Maslows Needs level 1.
Answer: Physiological needs ( water, food)
◍ intrinsic barriers.
Answer: within the student, mental heath/ disability
◍ An organization undergoing digital transformation from traditional software
development to an agile and collaborative development process needs to
hire people for this project. The HR manager supports hiring for cultural
contribution, but the leadership is concerned that this might disrupt the
team's existing dynamics.Which argument should the HR manager present
to the leadership to encourage hiring for cultural contribution in this
scenario?a. It will ensure that new hires maintain alignment with current
team norms.b. It will reduce complexity by minimizing differences in
employee backgrounds.c. It will simplify onboarding by emphasizing
alignment with existing practices.d. It will create opportunities for diverse
perspectives that drive innovation..
Answer: It will create opportunities for diverse perspectives that drive
innovation.
◍ As diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives gain importance across
industries, a company decides to implement clear DEI policies to prevent
potential issues. However, the company wants to ensure these policies align
with the beliefs and values of its employees.Which method should it use to
ensure that employee feedback effectively informs these policies?a. Relying
on informal conversations with a few employees about their workplace
experiencesb. Conducting continuous pulse surveys to monitor employee
, perceptions of inclusionc. Launching a feedback survey only after a new
DEI policy has been fully implementedd. Holding yearly employee town
halls to discuss DEI initiatives.
Answer: Conducting continuous pulse surveys to monitor employee
perceptions of inclusion
◍ multitasking.
Answer: The cerebrum, located at the front of the brain, plays a crucial role
in executive functions such as attention, planning, and decision-making.
◍ view of thought and behavior (qualitative).
Answer: - personal- social- contextual/situational- fluid- unpredictable
◍ categorical variable.
Answer: is a variable that varies in type or kind, generally relating different
groups
◍ Stage 3 of design thinking.
Answer: Ideate
◍ Clan is....
Answer: Internal FocusFlexible Family Oriented Mentoring Nurturing
ParticipationAgreeableness - Friendly/Compassionate
◍ Qualitative Data.
Answer: focused on studying a particular phenomenon through the
collection of nonnumerical data like words, images, pictures and interpretive
categories
◍ Question part of PQ3R.
Answer: Turn objectives into questions, and form questions about material
◍ epistemology (mixed research).
Answer: theory of knowledge- pragmatism- pragmatic justification (what
works for whom in specific contexts)- mixture of universal (e.g. always be
ethical) and community-specific needs-based standards
◍ parallel.