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A&P 2457 UTA EXAM 1
ARANDA 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Autophagy - correct answer-A process in which cells recycle
their own organic material through the use of hydrolytic
enzymes.
Ubiquitins - correct answer-Unneeded proteins can be marked
for destruction by ubiquitins
Proteasomes - correct answer-Disassemble ubiquitin-tagged
proteins, recycling the amino acids and ubiquitin
Apoptosis - correct answer-Process of programmed cell death
(Begins with mitochondrial membranes leaking chemicals that
activate enzymes called caspases, which cause degradation of
DNA and cytoskeleton leading to cell death; phagocytized by
macrophages)
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Hyperplasia - correct answer-Accelerated growth that increases
cell numbers when needed
Atrophy - correct answer-A decrease in size that results from
loss of stimulation or use
Wear and Tear Theory - correct answer-A lifetime of chemical
insults and free radicals have cumulative effects
Mitochondrial Theory of Aging - correct answer-Free radicals in
mitochondria diminish energy production
Immune System Disorders - correct answer-Autoimmune
responses, as well as progressive weakening of immune
response
Four Basic Tissue Types - correct answer-Epithelial,
Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Epithelial Characteristics - correct answer-1. Polarity
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2. Specialized Contacts
3. Supported by Connective Tissues
4. Avascular, but innervated
5. Regeneration
Epithelial Avascular - correct answer-No blood vessels are
found in epithelial tissue (must be nourished by diffusion from
underlying connective tissue)
Epithelial Regeneration - correct answer-High regenerative
capacities (stimulated by broken lateral contacts)
Simple Epithelia - correct answer-Involved in absorption,
secretion, or filtration processes (kidney, lungs)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer-Involved in
secretion and absorption (smallest ducts of glands and kidney
tubules)
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Simple Columnar Epithelium - correct answer-Involved in
secretion of mucus and absorption (found in digestive tract,
gallbladder, bronchi, and uterine tubes)
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer-A
special type that appears stratified but is not, has one layer of
cells (secretion and mucus; found in upper respitory tract, ducts
of large glands, and tubules in testes)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium - correct answer-Most
widespread stratified, located in high wear and tear
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer-Typically only
two cell layers thick; rare
Stratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer-Limited
distribution in body; pharynx male urethra, and some glandular
ducts
Gland - correct answer-One or more cells that makes and
secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion
A&P 2457 UTA EXAM 1
ARANDA 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Autophagy - correct answer-A process in which cells recycle
their own organic material through the use of hydrolytic
enzymes.
Ubiquitins - correct answer-Unneeded proteins can be marked
for destruction by ubiquitins
Proteasomes - correct answer-Disassemble ubiquitin-tagged
proteins, recycling the amino acids and ubiquitin
Apoptosis - correct answer-Process of programmed cell death
(Begins with mitochondrial membranes leaking chemicals that
activate enzymes called caspases, which cause degradation of
DNA and cytoskeleton leading to cell death; phagocytized by
macrophages)
, Page | 2
Hyperplasia - correct answer-Accelerated growth that increases
cell numbers when needed
Atrophy - correct answer-A decrease in size that results from
loss of stimulation or use
Wear and Tear Theory - correct answer-A lifetime of chemical
insults and free radicals have cumulative effects
Mitochondrial Theory of Aging - correct answer-Free radicals in
mitochondria diminish energy production
Immune System Disorders - correct answer-Autoimmune
responses, as well as progressive weakening of immune
response
Four Basic Tissue Types - correct answer-Epithelial,
Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Epithelial Characteristics - correct answer-1. Polarity
, Page | 3
2. Specialized Contacts
3. Supported by Connective Tissues
4. Avascular, but innervated
5. Regeneration
Epithelial Avascular - correct answer-No blood vessels are
found in epithelial tissue (must be nourished by diffusion from
underlying connective tissue)
Epithelial Regeneration - correct answer-High regenerative
capacities (stimulated by broken lateral contacts)
Simple Epithelia - correct answer-Involved in absorption,
secretion, or filtration processes (kidney, lungs)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer-Involved in
secretion and absorption (smallest ducts of glands and kidney
tubules)
, Page | 4
Simple Columnar Epithelium - correct answer-Involved in
secretion of mucus and absorption (found in digestive tract,
gallbladder, bronchi, and uterine tubes)
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer-A
special type that appears stratified but is not, has one layer of
cells (secretion and mucus; found in upper respitory tract, ducts
of large glands, and tubules in testes)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium - correct answer-Most
widespread stratified, located in high wear and tear
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer-Typically only
two cell layers thick; rare
Stratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer-Limited
distribution in body; pharynx male urethra, and some glandular
ducts
Gland - correct answer-One or more cells that makes and
secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion
