SLP 6052 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is tone? - Answer- The amount of tension the muscle has at rest
Pathologic reflexes and pseudobulbar affect are often associated with what type of
dysarthria? - Answer- Spastic Dysarthria
How do you differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria? - Answer-
Slow rate of speech, slow but regular speech AMRs, and strained/strangled vocal
quality; harshness, reduced pitch and loudness variability
How will someone with spastic dysarthria present during a motor speech exam? -
Answer- Everything is symmetrical at rest, with decreased ROM during the nonspeech
motor exam...
What cluster of features can differentiate AOS from dysarthria? - Answer- - Distorted
sound substitutions- Syllable segmentation- Attempts to correct articulatory errors
across phonemic boundaries- Groping- Difficulty with volitional rather than automatic
speech- More difficulty with SMRs and multisyllabic words than AMRs and single-
syllable words
What management techniques are appropriate for AOS? - Answer- - Prosthesis: Rate
control devices, biofeedback and AAC- Behavioral: Communication and speaker-
oriented approaches
What is the focus of articulatory-kinematic (A-K) approaches to AOS treatment? -
Answer- The spatial and temporal aspects of movements to improve sound and sound
sequence accuracy
What are the 4 primary A-K approaches? - Answer- - 8 Step (integral stimulation)
continuum- Sound production treatment (SPT)- Prompts for restructuring oral muscular
phonetic targets (PROMPT)- Motor Learning Guided (MLG) treatment
What is integral stimulation? - Answer- - 'Watch, listen, and say it with me'- The use of
auditory and visual prompts maximally initially, then faded gradually
Treatment for spastic dysarthria and pseudobulbar affect - Answer- Spastic Dysarthria:
Rate modification, intelligibility drills, initiating phonation with easy onset or sigh, raising
, pitch/rotating head back, and initiating speech with high lung volume are helpful while
relaxation and stretching exercises are not
Pseudobulbar affect: Low doses of amitriptyline and behavioral management may help
What are the causes of hypokinetic dysarthria? - Answer- Parkinsonism (degenerative)
What are the atypical forms of Parkinson's Disease (PD)? - Answer- Multiple System
Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS),
and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
What are the common nonspeech clinical signs of parkinsonism? - Answer- Resting
tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/hypokinesia, akinesia, postural abnormalities, reduced
force, and ROM
What type of dysarthria occurs at a somewhat greater rate than other types of
dysarthrias in outpatient? - Answer- Hypokinetic Dysarthria
What are some patient complaints with hypokinetic dysarthria? - Answer- Weak/quiet
voice, quick rate of speech, dysfluencies, difficulty initiating speech, drooling/swallowing
difficulties, facial masking, speech deterioration with fatigue
What characteristics are linked to those with hypokinetic dysarthria during the oral
mechanism exam? - Answer- Reduced blinking frequencies, masked face, reduced
swallowing frequency, reduced chest and abdominal movements, and positive
snout/palmomental reflexes
SPeech characteristics of hypokinetic Dysarthria ? - Answer- Reduced loudness,
blurred AMRs, reduced utterance length, repeated phonemes, reduced stress,
monopitch/monoloudness, and inappropriate silence
Hypokinetic Dysarthria management? - Answer- Pharmacological: Dopaminergic drugs
(levodopa)
Surgical: Thalamotomy, Pallidotomy, and deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Rate Control
Amplifiers
External Cueing
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT)
SPEAK OUT and SpeechVive
True or False: Most cases of hyper-kinetic Dysarthria are caused by degenerative
diseases - Answer- False; Most cases have undetermined causes
________ has a fast or slow irregular or regular speed and rhythm characterized by
involuntary movements - Answer- Dyskinesia
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is tone? - Answer- The amount of tension the muscle has at rest
Pathologic reflexes and pseudobulbar affect are often associated with what type of
dysarthria? - Answer- Spastic Dysarthria
How do you differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria? - Answer-
Slow rate of speech, slow but regular speech AMRs, and strained/strangled vocal
quality; harshness, reduced pitch and loudness variability
How will someone with spastic dysarthria present during a motor speech exam? -
Answer- Everything is symmetrical at rest, with decreased ROM during the nonspeech
motor exam...
What cluster of features can differentiate AOS from dysarthria? - Answer- - Distorted
sound substitutions- Syllable segmentation- Attempts to correct articulatory errors
across phonemic boundaries- Groping- Difficulty with volitional rather than automatic
speech- More difficulty with SMRs and multisyllabic words than AMRs and single-
syllable words
What management techniques are appropriate for AOS? - Answer- - Prosthesis: Rate
control devices, biofeedback and AAC- Behavioral: Communication and speaker-
oriented approaches
What is the focus of articulatory-kinematic (A-K) approaches to AOS treatment? -
Answer- The spatial and temporal aspects of movements to improve sound and sound
sequence accuracy
What are the 4 primary A-K approaches? - Answer- - 8 Step (integral stimulation)
continuum- Sound production treatment (SPT)- Prompts for restructuring oral muscular
phonetic targets (PROMPT)- Motor Learning Guided (MLG) treatment
What is integral stimulation? - Answer- - 'Watch, listen, and say it with me'- The use of
auditory and visual prompts maximally initially, then faded gradually
Treatment for spastic dysarthria and pseudobulbar affect - Answer- Spastic Dysarthria:
Rate modification, intelligibility drills, initiating phonation with easy onset or sigh, raising
, pitch/rotating head back, and initiating speech with high lung volume are helpful while
relaxation and stretching exercises are not
Pseudobulbar affect: Low doses of amitriptyline and behavioral management may help
What are the causes of hypokinetic dysarthria? - Answer- Parkinsonism (degenerative)
What are the atypical forms of Parkinson's Disease (PD)? - Answer- Multiple System
Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS),
and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
What are the common nonspeech clinical signs of parkinsonism? - Answer- Resting
tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/hypokinesia, akinesia, postural abnormalities, reduced
force, and ROM
What type of dysarthria occurs at a somewhat greater rate than other types of
dysarthrias in outpatient? - Answer- Hypokinetic Dysarthria
What are some patient complaints with hypokinetic dysarthria? - Answer- Weak/quiet
voice, quick rate of speech, dysfluencies, difficulty initiating speech, drooling/swallowing
difficulties, facial masking, speech deterioration with fatigue
What characteristics are linked to those with hypokinetic dysarthria during the oral
mechanism exam? - Answer- Reduced blinking frequencies, masked face, reduced
swallowing frequency, reduced chest and abdominal movements, and positive
snout/palmomental reflexes
SPeech characteristics of hypokinetic Dysarthria ? - Answer- Reduced loudness,
blurred AMRs, reduced utterance length, repeated phonemes, reduced stress,
monopitch/monoloudness, and inappropriate silence
Hypokinetic Dysarthria management? - Answer- Pharmacological: Dopaminergic drugs
(levodopa)
Surgical: Thalamotomy, Pallidotomy, and deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Rate Control
Amplifiers
External Cueing
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT)
SPEAK OUT and SpeechVive
True or False: Most cases of hyper-kinetic Dysarthria are caused by degenerative
diseases - Answer- False; Most cases have undetermined causes
________ has a fast or slow irregular or regular speed and rhythm characterized by
involuntary movements - Answer- Dyskinesia
