Exam 1: NUR 208/ NUR208 (NEW 2026/ 2027 Update) Mental Health Nursing | Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Accurate Solutions)- Fortis

…. DLDD Exam 1: NUR 208/ NUR208 (NEW 2026/ 2027 Update) Mental Health Nursing | Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Accurate Solutions)- Fortis Q. According to Freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur? ANSWERS oral, anal, oedipal, latency, genital Q. The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to: ANSWERS evaluate accomplishments for years . Q. A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: ANSWERS birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy. Q. The health-care worker teaches a group of new parents about the "back to sleep" program, which is directed toward the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by: ANSWERS placing the baby on its back in the crib. Q. Healthy People 2020 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable a person to: ANSWERS make healthy lifestyle choices. Q. Healthy People 2020 is published by the: ANSWERS Department of Health and Human Services. Q. Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur: ANSWERS before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births. Q. Although the life expectancy has increased, Healthy People 2020 will focus on the older adult's need for: ANSWERS maintenance of independent lifestyles. Q. Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify: ANSWERS high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards. Q. A major cause of death for children under the age of 1 year is: ANSWERS congenital abnormalities. Q. The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic acid ANSWERS supplements in her diet in order to: Q. Guidelines for "baby-friendly" hospitals include: ANSWERS encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life. Q. The statistic widely used to compare the health status of different populations is: ANSWERS infant mortality rate. Q. A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based on the goals of Healthy People 2020 would include: ANSWERS fall prevention Q. The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include: ANSWERS forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care. Q. Adults over the age of 65 can significantly reduce their health risk by: ANSWERS getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia Q. Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by: ANSWERS institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care. Q. The purpose of the state/national government program of Medicaid is to provide: ANSWERS medical care on the basis of need or poverty. Q. A student is preparing a report on the history of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program would acquire the most useful information from: ANSWERS the Federal Register. Q. The Human Genome Project has the potential to reduce health-care costs by assisting health-care providers to: ANSWERS detect illnesses before they become chronic. Q. The Tax Equity Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) established the development of: ANSWERS diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). Q. The scope of practice for nursing is stipulated by the: ANSWERS Nurse practice act. Q. The roles of the nurse have changed as a result of the national health-care focus on: ANSWERS illness prevention and health maintenance. Q. An informed consent form requires that: ANSWERS the nurse signs as a witness that the patient received the necessary information. Q. A diagnosis-related group (DRG) is: ANSWERS a medical condition classification system that determines what Medicare will pay for health-care services. Q. Prospective payment systems for health-care services: ANSWERS provide payment based on flat predetermined rates regardless of actual cost. Q. To conform to the national trend in health care, health-care agencies of the future may need to depend on: ANSWERS nurses to plan and implement self-care education programs. Q. Standards of practice are the foundations for: ANSWERS consumer protection laws. Q. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provides for: ANSWERS confidentiality of medical information. Q. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 caused controversy because it mandated: ANSWERS health-care coverage for 32 million uninsured persons. Q. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 provided money for the development of: skilled nursing facilities. ANSWERS home health agencies. Q. The Patient Bill of Rights ensures that all patients may: (Select all that apply.) ANSWERS select their health-care provider. take part in treatment decisions. expect confidentiality. utilize channels for complaint. Q. Political action committees (PACs) can influence legislation by: (Select all that apply.) providing lobbying ANSWERS creating an awareness of the need for new legislation. contributing money to legislators. Q. Excess death can be defined by: ANSWERS The difference between the predicted number of deaths that occur during specific time periods and actual number of deaths Q. The Whitehall studies found a relationship between employment and illness, specifically that: ANSWERS The lower the employment grade, the higher the risk of illness Q. Compared to college graduates, high school graduates live: ANSWERS 2 ½ years shorter on average Q. What is the most important social determinant of health in terms of risk factors? ANSWERS social class Q. What is one primary hormone released during the body's stress response? ANSWERS cortisol Q. What important finding came out of the Macaque monkey study? ANSWERS The subordinate monkey had developed a larger atherosclerotic plaque than the dominant monkey Q. Most of the poor in the United States are: ANSWERS White Q. What percentage of children living in the United States live in poverty? ANSWERS 21 percent In the cold virus study, they found that: The more years a person's parents owned a home, the less likely it would be that the person would get a cold when exposed to a cold virus How much does chronic illness cost business productivity per year? over one trillion dollars Cultural competence in health care is demonstrated by: adapting care to meet cultural needs. The home health-care worker is aware that the development of initiative may be delayed in a German family that practices a(n) __________ parenting style. authoritarian When caring for an 8-hour postpartum Chinese patient who adheres to the cultural philosophy that pregnancy is a "cold" condition, the health-care worker will remember to: turn up the thermostat. The culturally competent health-care worker helping a Hmong family dress the recently deceased family member will be careful to: prevent metal from touching the deceased. The health-care worker caring for a 3-month-old Korean child hospitalized for dehydration would ask the parents' permission prior to: assessing the fontanel. In planning the information sent to the diet kitchen for a Hindu patient, the health-care worker would make a note to prohibit: all meat dishes. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) promotes: culturally competent health care. The health-care worker assesses a new patient for the use of alternative therapies. Such remedies have become widely used because these protocols: have become very popular as they focus on health promotion. The young, female health-care worker who is giving admission information to an elderly Muslim man feels he is ignoring her because he: looks at the floor rather than at her. The culturally competent health-care worker will inquire if the Native American patient would like to call his own folk healer, which is the: shaman. The use of silence in conversation can mean different things depending on the culture. Silence indicates agreement in the ______________ culture. Russian Culture affects broad areas of: (Select all that apply.) food preferences. parenting styles. health treatment. discipline measures. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities include: (Select all that apply.) acupuncture. energy healing. guided imagery. Deep feelings a person has about what is morally right are called: values Typically in the United States, the comfortable personal space is from 1.5 feet to 4 The family can be defined as: a basic human social system. The health-care worker assesses ethnocentrism in a patient when the patient says: "White Anglo-Saxons will always set the civilization standard." A Spanish-speaking 6-year-old who has started first grade in an English-speaking school spends most of her time alone and seems helpless and unable to function in this new environment. This situation is an indication of: culture shock. The family systems theory proposes that: family functions are interconnected, so what happens to one family member affects the entire family. An example of a blended family is one made up of: a mother, her children, stepfather. When an Asian dinner guest startles his Western host by belching loudly to show appreciation of the meal, this behavior is an example of: cultural relativism. The health-care worker would advise parents who are in the process of divorce to support their adolescent children by: encouraging their pursuit of own interests. A mother with a 6-month-old infant says, "I want to go back to work, but I don't want there to be a problem since I'll have less time to spend with the baby." The best response should be: "Let's talk about child-care options that will be best for the baby." The home health-care worker assesses cultural assimilation when: an Asian woman living in Texas wears blue jeans and boots. Because age differences between siblings may affect family dynamics, there is more affection and less rivalry and hostility between siblings whose ages differ by: 5 or more years. The laissez-faire parenting style: allows children to regulate their own activity; sees parenting role as resource rather than role model. The health-care worker designing culturally competent care will employ interventions that: go beyond the awareness of similarities and differences to implementing care that is sensitive. Studies suggest that viewing violent television programs or playing violent video games may cause: release of dopamine, which affects attention and learning. In the launching stage of the growth and development of a family unit, the focus of the family will be on: maintaining a stable home base as children mature. Parents tell the school nurse that their second-grade child watches television about 4 hours a day. When discussing this issue with the parents, the nurse would best advise the parent that: parents need to supervise the amount and type of television programs their children watch. The culturally competent health-care worker is aware that when caring for members of a culturally diverse population, care must focus on: overcoming their own cultural barriers to avoid stereotyping. A distressed mother of a 2-year-old is at her "wit's end" with the toddler's desire to do activities that may be dangerous. The health-care worker counsels the parent that to assist the child with the development of autonomy, the parent should: allow independent activity in a safe environment. A child who has a brother or a sister in the family unit will have the support to develop: concepts of social interaction. Using family development theory of Duvall as a basis, the health-care worker counsels a couple expecting their first baby that in addition to integrating the child into the family unit, the couple should examine: how they will help each other with household chores. The Family Apgar scoring system to assess family function was created by: Gabriel Smilkstein. Altered sleep patterns, disorganized eating patterns, and social isolation in a 13-year-old who is very involved in social networking could be symptoms of: Facebook depression. The Children's Television Act of 1991 mandated that television networks: censor the content of programs being aired during prime time. Robert Havighurst designed a developmental theory for the learning of developmental tasks for persons of: late adulthood age. While talking with the upset and tearful family of a patient newly diagnosed with a chronic illness, the health-care worker asks, "When something is bothering you, what do you do?" This should be interpreted as: part of assessing the family's coping skills. The health-care worker is alert for signs of _________________after the entire family was involved in a flood that swept their house away. posttraumatic stress After the death of a child, what might the parents exhibit toward the surviving children? Overprotectiveness The health-care worker points out to the family of a hospitalized child evidence that the facility supports family-centered health care by such practices as: expanded or totally open visiting hours. Selected video games with a flickering frequency on the screen can trigger: seizures The parents of two children, ages 7 and 2, are concerned about the language development of their 2-year-old. They tell the health-care worker that their older child began talking in two- or three-word phrases by age 2, but their younger child is still using mostly one-word sentences. The best response by the health-care worker is: "First-born children generally have a larger vocabulary and better conversational skills at an earlier age." The changes that have occurred to the traditional nuclear family over the past 40 years include: (Select all that apply.) decreased daily availability of the father. dual-career parents. expectation that children be more independent. In order to make an effective cultural assessment of a family dealing with a child with a terminal illness, the health-care worker must consider: (Select all that apply.) socioeconomic status. religious practices. health beliefs. significance of the disease to the family. The health-care worker uses as a basis for his or her interventions with children the developmental theory from theorist ______ which is based on the mastery of developmental tasks at specific ages. erik erikson Families who have poor communication among members, who tend to be isolated from the community, and who have inconsistent rules are labeled as ______ dysfunctional What does the Latino paradox from the 1960s describe? Latino immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric illness despite having lower education and income What might be one possible influential factor driving the Latino Paradox? Strong cohesive family ties What are some possible effects of social isolation on health? Increased risk for developing infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease After 5 years in the United States, what were some health effects on some Latino immigrants? 1 ½ times more likely to have obesity and hypertension By 2050, how many Americans will be Latino/a? 1 in 4 How many minutes does the average American spend commuting to work? 50 minutes How many Americans report taking two or more hours to commute to work per day? 10 million How many Americans report feeling that they have no one with whom to discuss important matters? 1 in 4 Approximately what percent of Latino households are poor? 20 How many teenage female Latinas are estimated to attempt suicide? 1 in 7 The function of Freud's defense mechanism is to: relieve anxiety. To promote a sense of industry in a hospitalized school-age child, the health-care worker should: ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom. The best advice to parents who want to encourage autonomy in their toddler would be to: encourage the toddler to do things for himself. The theorist who proposed a psychosocial theory that human development occurs as a result of interactions among the environment, culture, and the individual was: Daniel Levinson. The characteristic common to all developmental models is that development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan. Behavior modification is basically designed to: alter current behavior patterns. According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship? Conflict resolution Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately? Ego A nurse is examining different situations that represent the superego component of human personality, as per Sigmund Freud. Which situations accurately represent superego? Select all that apply. A client feels the urge to run away from the hospital but refrains from doing so because the security guard is watching. A client who needs to urinate does so beside the bed instead of waiting for the nurse to assist him or her. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. A nursing student gives different examples representing the components of human personality, according to Sigmund Freud. Which examples mentioned by the nursing student represent the component ego? Select all that apply. "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward." "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." "A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present." "A client feels that the next client received a better pillow but refrains from taking it away because it is wrong." "A client notes that the nurse is late in bringing in the food tray, so he or she steals food from the cafeteria." "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward." "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." "A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present A nurse is evaluating different situations on the basis of the components of human personality as mentioned by Sigmund Freud. Which situations represent the id component? Select all that apply. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member. A client feeling thirsty waits for the nurse to bring him or her water instead of taking it from the next client because he or she knows that it is wrong. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility. A client feeling hungry notices a food tray at the next bed, but does not grab the food because a nurse is watching. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility. The nurse is examining different statements that represent the stages of psychosexual development, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. Which statement indicates that the individual is aged between 6 to 12 years? The individual focuses on educational and social accomplishments. The nurse finds that a mother severely punishes her 2-year-old child. Which would the nurse advise the mother, according to Erikson's theory? Your child needs support and love or else he or she may develop feelings of shame and doubt. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which response is the most therapeutic to help an older adult who is struggling to achieve her or his developmental task? Tell me about your past accomplishments. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which member of the wedding party shows failure to meet their developmental crisis? Bride, aged 25 years, abruptly leaves the church just before the marriage ceremony starts An older adult was admitted to a long-term care facility for difficulties with activities of daily living. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which intervention would the nurse use to assist the client to fulfill her or his developmental task? Engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, mastery of which task increases a child's ability to cope with separation or pending separation from significant others? Trust Which does the intimacy versus isolation stage of Erikson's theory of development include? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. An individual may often engage in a retrospective appraisal of his or her life. An individual develops a sense of identity and deepens his or her capacity to love others and care for them. An individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person. An individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy. An individual achieves success by contributing to future generations through parenthood, teaching, and community involvement. An individual may often engage in a retrospective appraisal of his or her life. An individual develops a sense of identity and deepens his or her capacity to love others and care for them. An individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person. An individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy. Which statement made by the client indicates the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. I fear that this relationship will not last I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. When I look back at my life I want to get a clear skin like my best friend I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot. I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. I want to get a clear skin like my best friend I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot. According to Erikson's theory, which suggestion would the nurse make to the parent of a preschooler who is worried about ongoing conflicts with the child because of strict behavior standards? You could cooperate with the child's desires within reason to avoid guilt and frustration for your child. Which activities would the nurse recommend to a middle-age adult client to find a sense of fulfillment, according to Erikson? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Attending church functions Visiting adult children in their homes Becoming involved at a local hospital Volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team Allowing independent decision-making when hospitalized Attending church functions Becoming involved at a local hospital Volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team According to Erikson's theory, which behaviors will the nurse notice in 13-year-old students? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Such students want to know Who am I? Such students exhibit the sense of care for others. Such students show eagerness to learn social skills. Such students like to pretend and try out different new roles. Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance. Such students want to know Who am I? Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which is the correct order of a child's behavior as he or she ages? The child develops autonomy by making choices. The child develops feelings of superego or conscience. The child concentrates on work and play. The child is concerned about appearance and body image. Which statements by a 17-year-old client who is diagnosed with leukemia reflects Piaget's cognitive processes associated with adolescence? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. My smoking pot probably caused the leukemia. I'm going to do my best to fight this awful disease. Now I can't go to the prom because I have this stupid disease. I know I got sick because I've been causing a lot of problems at home. This illness is serious I'm going to do my best to fight this awful disease. Now I can't go to the prom because I have this stupid disease. This illness is serious According to Piaget's cognitive theory, at which stage will fear of surgery have the most effect on preoperative teaching? Preoperational Which information would the nurse provide about the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. The child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy. The child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment. The child believes that nonliving objects have realistic thoughts The child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions. The child promotes his or her cognitive development and learns about the world through playing. The child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy. The child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment. The child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions. Which is the similarity between the preoperational period and the formal operations period of Piaget's theory? Both periods explain the idea of egocentric thought in an individual. In which stage of Piaget's theory of growth and development does an infant develop an action pattern to deal with the environment? Sensorimotor According to Piaget, which statement describes the concrete operation stage? During this stage, children are able to perform mental operations. Which is true about the preoperational period of Piaget's theory? The child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. According to Piaget's theory, which of these is true about the period of formal operations? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Children develop a scheme for dealing with the environment. Children are able to describe a process without actually doing it. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. Children believe that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience. A nursing instructor asks a student about the development of adolescents according to Piaget's theory. Which statement made by the student about adolescents indicates a need for further education? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Risk-taking behaviors are exhibited. They consider their thoughts to be unique. Egocentric thought is prevalent. Using knowledge to achieve a goal is emphasized. They have the ability to recognize different answers for different situations. Using knowledge to achieve a goal is emphasized. They have the ability to recognize different answers for different situations. Which description by a student of the formal operations stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Thinking moves toward abstract theory. There is an absence of egocentric thought. The individual engages in risk-taking behavior. Reversibility in thought is the primary characteristic. The capacity to reason with respect to possibilities is developed. Thinking moves toward abstract theory. Reversibility in thought is the primary characteristic. Sensorimotor The child develops an action pattern for dealing with the environment. Preoperational The child develops egocentrism and animism. Concrete operations The child demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness. The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. According to which stage of Kohlberg's theory would a nurse ask a higher authority to reduce the treatment expenses of a low-income client? Universal ethical principle orientation What is the similarity between stages 5 and 6 of Kohlberg's theory? Both stages are associated with postconventional reasoning. At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group? Good boy-nice girl orientation An adolescent tells the nurse, "I do not go to parties that serve alcohol, not because my dad doesn't like it, but because I know this is not right." What STAGE does the statement indicate according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development? Society-maintaining orientation A young adult tells the nurse, "Society needs to be educated regarding involving people affected with AIDS into the social sphere." According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what stage does the statement indicate? Social contract orientation According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true? A person wants to fulfill family expectations. Stage 1 Punishment and obedience orientation Stage 2 Individualism and exchange (Instrumental relativist orientation) Stage 6 Good interpersonal relationships (Good boy-nice girl orientation) Social order (Society-maintaining orientation) Social contract orientation Which of these statements are true about an adolescent according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that apply. "An individual's response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules." "An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct view." "An individual's thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors." "An individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." "An individual wants to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group." "An individual's thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors." "An individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." According to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning, at which phase of life would a child develop premoral orientation? Preschool The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding 'Preconventional Reasoning' needs correction? "In this level, the client sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of societal and others' expectations." A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding Postconventional Reasoning needs correction? "In this level, emphasis is given on social rules and a community-centered approach." A nursing student is listing various stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which situation indicates that the individual has reached the Instrumental Relativist Orientation stage? "An individual identifies that there is more than one right view." Which statement is true of the middle childhood stage according to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning? Select all that apply. The child is in the conventional level. The child is in the post-conventional level. The child develops a social contract orientation. The child develops a good boy-nice girl orientation. The child develops a punishment-obedience orientation. The child is in the conventional level. The child develops a good boy-nice girl orientation. Which situations belong to the first level of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy? A client is homeless. A client reports feeling dizzy for 2 days. A client states that he or she is beaten up repeatedly by a neighbor. A client reports that he or she is unable to consume food because of throat pain. An amputee informs the nurse that he or she will walk one day. A client is homeless. A client reports feeling dizzy for 2 days. A client reports that he or she is unable to consume food because of throat pain. Which activities would the nurse perform to meet the client's safety and security needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Providing a cold bath to reduce the client's body temperature Positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure to decrease the risk of falls Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents Collaborating with family members to provide emotional support for the client post-surgery Providing a cold bath to reduce the client's body temperature Positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure to decrease the risk of falls Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents Which situation would the nurse address first according to Maslow's hierarchy? Complains of sleeplessness due to pain postsurgery Which statement made by the nursing student needs correction about Maslow's hierarchy of needs? The fourth level contains love and belonging needs Which examples mentioned by the nurse belong to the third level of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A client is depressed because his or her spouse has passed away. A client is constipated due to excess loss of fluids from the body. A client wants to reconnect with old friends after being diagnosed with cancer. A client has to live in a rat-infested apartment due to lack of financial resources. A client never goes to family gatherings because he or she is not accepted by family members. A client is depressed because his or her spouse has passed away. A client wants to reconnect with old friends after being diagnosed with cancer. A client never goes to family gatherings because he or she is not accepted by family members. Which situation would the nurse address to meet the safety and security needs of the client according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? I do not want to talk to any stranger because I fear that they might take away my things. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, in which order would the nurse prioritize his or her actions? Encouraging the client to talk about his or her fears and feelings Praising the client for administering insulin accurately Assisting the client in getting out of bed to join family members for meals Providing a warm bath to the client to promote a good night's sleep Providing a warm bath to the client to promote a good night's sleep Encouraging the client to talk about his or her fears and feelings Assisting the client in getting out of bed to join family members for meals Praising the client for administering insulin accurately Which social determinants of health may influence a person's developing tuberculosis? Health Care Access and Quality Economic Stability Neighborhood and Built Environment According to the video, what is the percent of diabetes in the Marshalls Islands? 30% Why have some Marshall Islanders moved to Springdale, Arkansas? The Marshallese can live and work in the United States freely, without a visa under a treaty, and jobs are plentiful in the food processing plants there According to the video, what were some reasons the tuberculosis rate dropped in the United States between 1900 and 1940? Infected persons were removed and isolated According to the video, how many people in the world do public health experts estimate carry the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, yet most will never become sick? 2 billion behaviors individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions biology an individual's genetic makeup (those factors with which he or she is born), family history (which may suggest risk for disease), and the physical and mental health problems acquired during life determinants of health genetic makeup, lifestyle behaviors, social and physical environment, and general policies and interventions that affect the health of the population health status Details concerning illness and other factors that affect health, which are measured by factors such as birth and death rates, life expectancy, and accessibility to health care. healthy people 2020 & 2030 an evidence-based 10-year report card describing health-care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2010 to 2020 and a prescription for what needs to be done between now and the year 2030 infant mortality rate the number of deaths that occur before age 1 per 1000 live births leading health indicators Selected high-priority issues within Healthy People 2030 for the current 10-year period. life expectancy the average number of years a person born in a particular year is expected to live physical environment things that can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted and less tangible elements, such as radiation and ozone social environment interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community and social institutions, such as law enforcement, the workplace, places of worship, and schools accreditation process by which an institution is recognized as meeting specific predetermined standards of care care plan a written plan for each resident created by a nurse; outlines the steps taken by the staff to help the resident reach his or her goals (good communication; needs of patient and plan to meet it) Federal Register federal legislation concerning health care is recorded and published in this document Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) a group medical practice that offers prepaid care for members homeopathy the use of minute portions of chemicals for their healing power informed consent providing the patient with information, in a language that the patient can understand, regarding the risks of, advantages to, and possible alternatives available for medical or surgical procedure Managed Care Organization (MCO) an organization that standardizes medical practice guidelines to maintain the quality of care provided at the same time as it controls the costs of health care medicare a type of government provided insurance program in which benefits are received after contributions are made through payroll deductions medicaid a type of federal welfare program in which benefits are provided on a basis of need or level of poverty Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC) a multistate licensing arrangement that enables traveling nurses to function in multiple states nurse practice acts the scope of practice for each level of professional practice in nursing occupational health and safety act (OSHA) standard of safety that must be maintained by employers to protect the health and safety of employees; mandates the reporting of injuries sustained by workers political action committees (PACs) groups the influence governmental legislation by offering monetary contributions to legislators who support their needs and that provide lobbying efforts to create an awareness of needed legislation preferred provider organization (PPO) an organization that contracts with professionals in medical field to provide care to specific group of patients at an agreed on fee for service rate scope of practice identification of and legal limitations to the usual and customary skills practiced of a professional. the usual and customary practices are determined by the educational and prep preparation for that profession standards of practice guidelines used to determine type and quality of care provided to patients acculturation the adjustment to a new culture alternative medicine therapies used instead of Western medical care beliefs cultural teachings of practice and values that are handed down for generations that determine how one behaves and responds to daily life and healthcare practices complementary medicine therapies used together with Western therapies cultural awareness recognizing the history of patients' ancestry or culture and how their customs influence the handling of problems, issues, or teachings cultural care health-promotion activities initiated by a culturally competent health-care worker who enables a patient to modify health behaviors toward beneficial outcomes while respecting the patient's cultural values, beliefs, and practices cultural competence involves cultural awareness, acceptance, and respect toward behaviors and practices that are different from one's own cultural interventions interventions achieved when health-care information is presented in a way that includes specific cultural styles, colors, pictures, symbols, and so forth, that add credibility to the content by reflecting cultural values cultural sensitivity observing, using, and showing knowledge of culturally appropriate verbal language, body language, use of personal space, and gestures of respect toward family members while providing health care or teaching cultural stereotyping the assumption that all people in one culture behave the same way and believe the same thing culture a set of learned values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors that is shared by interacting individuals, such as family ethnicity a cultural pattern shared by people with the same cultural heritage. language, preferred diet, specific customs, family roles, religious beliefs are often shared among those with the same ethnicity ethnocentric/ism the belief that one's own culture is the standard of behavior and is better than other cultures stereotyping assuming that all people from a specific culture or ethnic group behave or beleive the same way values deep feelings about what is right and wrong, good or bad blended family one or both parents may bring children from a previous marriage or relationship to form a new family cultural assimilation a process by which members of a specific cultural group lose some of the characteristics of that group and adapt to the practices of another group cultural relativism the concept that normalcy comes from the standard social practices of a specific culture culture shock effect of a sudden, drastic change in the cultural environment of an individual or family developmental stage patterns of development related to perception and response to environment developmental task a competency or skill that helps a person cope with the environment or advance personal development dysfunctional family A family unit that does not offer consistency of members or rules, may exhibit poor interpersonal relationships among its members, handles problems and conflicts poorly, and often cannot reach out to the community for help ethnocentrism the belief that one's own culture is the standard of behavior and is better than other cultures facebook depression depression that affects one who overuses social networking to the point of altering sleep and eating habits and isolating himself from peers and family, eventually succumbing to general depression family a basic human social system that involves commitment and interaction among its members family systems theory Theories that explain interconnected family functions and responses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) the development of characteristic symptoms following an extreme traumatic stressor sibling rivalry the competition between brothers and sisters, usually for parental attention and love theory a group on concepts that form the basis for understanding observations. an accepted theory is logical, consistent, and integrated past and current research behavioral theories Theories designed to explain the development of specific behaviors and suggest their relationships to other developing social skills behaviorist theory a theory that describes how and why behavioral learning alters behavior classical conditioning relates positive or negative event to a specific behavior to promote or prevent that behavior from reoccuring cognitive theories theories that focus on advancement of the development of thinking electra anxiety occurs when little girls compete with their mothers for the love and attention from their fathers extrovert an outgoing person who focuses on others in the environment humanist theories theories that describe the influence of human experiences such as love and attachment on behavior and personality development information processing an input of information followed by a thought of mechanism resulting in an output of judgement or decision making introvert a quiet person who focuses inwardly on himself or herself looking-glass self the development of self image by combining the way we portray ourselves to others and the way others evaluate us moral reasoning a capacity that develops in a child as he or she learns to understand rules and determine if an action is right or wrong Oedipus complex arises during the phallic stage of development. Freud suggested little boys compete with their father's for their mother's love and affection operant conditioning involves behavioral consequences such as reward and punishment psychodynamic theories theories that focus on personality trait development and psychological challenges at different ages social learning theory involves exposure to and imitation of a behavior sociocultural theories theories that describe how culture influence behavior