HYPERTENSION
Definition – BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure is the measurement of the force against the wall of the arteries as heart pumps blood through the
body.
DEFINITION - HYPERTENSION
Hypertension is defined as a persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure above 140 mm of Hg and of diastolic
pressure above 90 mm of Hg.
CLASSIFICATION
According to the type
Systolic hypertension
Systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). If the systolic blood pressure is elevated
(>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called "isolated systolic hypertension".
Diastolic hypertension
Diastolic hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic level of 90 mm
Hg or higher.
According to the etiology
Primary hypertension
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension or idiopathic hypertension) is the form of hypertension that
by definition has no identifiable cause.
Secondary hypertension
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that's caused by another medical condition. Secondary
hypertension can be caused by conditions that affect your kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system
According to severity
Border line hyper tension
Borderline hypertension can best be characterized as a condition where a subject’s blood pressure is above the
normal range, but is not sufficiently elevated to warrant immediate treatment.
Benign hyper tension
Benign hypertension is essential hypertension running for a considerably long period of time and being
asymptomatic.
Malignant hyper tension
Malignant hypertension is extremely high blood pressure that develops rapidly and causes some type of organ
damage. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80. A person with malignant hypertension has a blood pressure that's
typically above 180/120.
Classification of BP for adult
Nomal systolic <120, diastolic < 80
Pre hypertension systolic 120 - 139, diastolic 80-90
Stage 1 systolic 140- 159, diastolic 90-99
Stgae 2 systolic ³ 160 diastolic ³to 100
Resistent hypertension
Patient whose blood pressure is controlled with four or more medications .
Complicated hypertension
After a long, invariable, asymptomatic period, persistent hypertension developed into complicated hypertension, in
which target organ damage to the aorta and small arteries, heart, kidneys, retina and central nervous system is evident.
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, White coat hypertension
Blood pressure readings over 140/90 when measured by a doctor but lower when measured at home
Hypertensive emergency
Severe hypertension associated with acute end organ damage.
PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
Causes
o Genetic factors
o Enviornmental factors
o Increased salt intake
o Obesity
Other factors
Sympathetic nervous system activity
Abnormal cardio vascular development
Renin angiotensin activity
Exacerbating factors
Secondary hypertension-causes
Renal disease
Genetic causes
Renal vascular hypertension
Primary hyper aldosteronism
Cushing syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
B1 receptor mediated
Coarctation of aorta
Pregnancy
Etiology or risk factors
Non modifiable
Age
Family history
Gender
Ethinicity
Modifiable risk factors
Obesity Other causes
Atherosclerosis Renal disorder
Cigarette smoking Endocrine disorder
Sedentery life style Neurological disorder
Stress Medication
Nutrients Vascular disorder
Stimulant Pregnancy
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Definition – BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure is the measurement of the force against the wall of the arteries as heart pumps blood through the
body.
DEFINITION - HYPERTENSION
Hypertension is defined as a persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure above 140 mm of Hg and of diastolic
pressure above 90 mm of Hg.
CLASSIFICATION
According to the type
Systolic hypertension
Systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). If the systolic blood pressure is elevated
(>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called "isolated systolic hypertension".
Diastolic hypertension
Diastolic hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic level of 90 mm
Hg or higher.
According to the etiology
Primary hypertension
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension or idiopathic hypertension) is the form of hypertension that
by definition has no identifiable cause.
Secondary hypertension
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that's caused by another medical condition. Secondary
hypertension can be caused by conditions that affect your kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system
According to severity
Border line hyper tension
Borderline hypertension can best be characterized as a condition where a subject’s blood pressure is above the
normal range, but is not sufficiently elevated to warrant immediate treatment.
Benign hyper tension
Benign hypertension is essential hypertension running for a considerably long period of time and being
asymptomatic.
Malignant hyper tension
Malignant hypertension is extremely high blood pressure that develops rapidly and causes some type of organ
damage. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80. A person with malignant hypertension has a blood pressure that's
typically above 180/120.
Classification of BP for adult
Nomal systolic <120, diastolic < 80
Pre hypertension systolic 120 - 139, diastolic 80-90
Stage 1 systolic 140- 159, diastolic 90-99
Stgae 2 systolic ³ 160 diastolic ³to 100
Resistent hypertension
Patient whose blood pressure is controlled with four or more medications .
Complicated hypertension
After a long, invariable, asymptomatic period, persistent hypertension developed into complicated hypertension, in
which target organ damage to the aorta and small arteries, heart, kidneys, retina and central nervous system is evident.
1
, White coat hypertension
Blood pressure readings over 140/90 when measured by a doctor but lower when measured at home
Hypertensive emergency
Severe hypertension associated with acute end organ damage.
PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
Causes
o Genetic factors
o Enviornmental factors
o Increased salt intake
o Obesity
Other factors
Sympathetic nervous system activity
Abnormal cardio vascular development
Renin angiotensin activity
Exacerbating factors
Secondary hypertension-causes
Renal disease
Genetic causes
Renal vascular hypertension
Primary hyper aldosteronism
Cushing syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
B1 receptor mediated
Coarctation of aorta
Pregnancy
Etiology or risk factors
Non modifiable
Age
Family history
Gender
Ethinicity
Modifiable risk factors
Obesity Other causes
Atherosclerosis Renal disorder
Cigarette smoking Endocrine disorder
Sedentery life style Neurological disorder
Stress Medication
Nutrients Vascular disorder
Stimulant Pregnancy
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