HCA Written Exam Prep 2026/2027 Latest Update | Real Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers | Full Revision Guide | Pass Guaranteed

HCA Written Exam Prep 2026/2027 Latest Update | Real Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers | Full Revision Guide | Pass Guaranteed 1./ Dehydration can be a dangerous side-effect of diarrhea. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 2./ Bowel function is usually the same for each person. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 3./ When assisting with catheter care, always clean from the opening downwards away from the body. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 4./ Unexplained confusion can be a symptom of a urinary tract infection. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 5./ Only water counts toward a client's needed daily intake of fluids. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 6./ The warning signs of nutrition in a client are difficult to observe. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 7./ Incontinence is just a part of aging and few medical treatments are effective a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 8./ Food borne illness is caused by eating contamination food. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 9./ To be safe, a refrigerator should be set to 0 degree. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 10./ The number of daily servings from each of the food pyramid groups is the same for everyone. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 11./ Food must be reheat to 165 degrees a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 12./ To position a client correctly in a bed, choose a position that spreads weight and pressure evenly. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 13./ Wrinkles in elastic stockings can lead to a pressure ulcer. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 14./ When helping a client with a bed bath, replace water in every 2 minutes. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 15./ Your body language communicates respect when your facial expressions and gestures are open and relaxed. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 16./ Most of what you communicate is through the words you speak. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 17./ Offering a solution to a client's problem without being asked can be a barrier to good communication. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 18./ Your body language has little impact on how a client reacts to you. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 19./ If you see a client falling, do not try to stop the fall. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 20./ A transfer belt is only used if the client needs extensive help to transfer or walk. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 21./ There is little you can do as a caregiver to reduce the risk of a client falling. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 22./ Most infections are spread through the air. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 23./ Only use standard precautions if you think a client has a blood borne disease. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 24./ It is only mandatory to wash your hands if they look dirty a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 25./ Some people with an infection have no symptoms. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 26./ There are laws that protect a person living with HIV/AIDS against discrimination. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 27./ The only time you must wear disposable gloves is to clean up blood or body fluids. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 28./ The best way to maintain a healthy, professional boundary between you and client is to view caregiving as your job. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 29./ A client care plan has all of the information you need to do your job. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 30./ Your own beliefs and values can influence how you provide care. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 31./ A possible sign of physical abuse could include a vulnerable adult with a suspicious injury refusing to see a doctor. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 32./ Restraint should be used to keep a client from falling out of bed. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 33./ The likelihood of a drug interaction occurring increases as the number of medications being taken by a client increases. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 34./ Only clients living in an adult family home or boarding home can self-direct care tasks. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 35./ What needs to be documented regarding medication is up to the caregiver in an adult family home or boarding home. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 36./ Only a client's continued refusal to take a medication if you think it will harm him/her. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 37./ The process of grieving normally follows a fixed, orderly course. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 38./ Caregiver burnout is normally caused by too much stress for too long without taking steps to refuel the body / mind / spirit. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 39./ A high amount of stress builds your immune system a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 40./ Good self care includes taking really good care of everyone but yourself. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 41./ Grief only impacts a person's emotions. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 42./ To successfully make a change in your life-style (e.g. eating better, getting more exercise) set realistic goals and start slowly. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 43./ A client's doctor is responsible for making any changes to the client's plan. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 44./ A possible sign of neglect should include a vulnerable adult living in unsafe or unsanitary living conditions. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE TRUE 45./ Caregivers can make a client take his / her medications if it's life-threatening not to do so. a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 46./ A client with what condition is at the greatest risk of fecal (phân) impaction (tác độ ng mạ nh / ạ nh hưở ng)? a. High blood pressure b. Diabetes c. Chronic constipation (táo bón kinh niên) C 47./ Which of the following help to control symptoms or prevent constipation (chư ng táo bón)? a. Decreasing (giạ m sút) physical activity b. Increasing (gia tăng) fiber (chạ t xở) and water intake c. Over use of laxatives (thuộ c nhuạ n tràng) B 48./ How long should you wait before reporting a change in a client's normal bowel movement pattern? a. Less than 24 hours b. 1 - 2 days c. 3 - 4 days B 49./ To maintain good urinary and bowel function, encourage a client to : a. Read the paper on the toilet to relax b. Change his/her toileting routine each week c. Stay as physically active as he/she can C 50./ If a client is on a special diet, you need to know: a. Whether the client's family likes the diet; b. What special foods or preparation is needed c. Whether the diet has worked for others B 51./ A nutrition food label is used in meal planning and shopping to help you : a. Decide if you will like the taste of the food b. Compare and choose healthy foods c. Know if it is something the client likes B 52./ A healthy diet means choosing a variety of healthy foods and : a. Never eating less healthy foods b. Setting limits on eating less healthy foods c. Eating healthy foods a few days a week B 53./ The safest way to thaw (làm tan) foods is to use the following : a. Counter b. Refrigerator c. Hot water B 54./ To prevent cross-contamination (sư lan nhiễ m khuạ n) of food, always clean and disinfect a cutting board after using it for : a. Bread or baked goods b. Fruits and vegetables c. Meat, fish, and poultry C 55./ Germs grow quickly when left in temperatures between the danger zone at : a. 0 and 100 degrees b. -10 to 120 degrees c. 41 to 140 degrees C 56./ The most important safe food handling practices are : a. Washing your hands and cooking and cooling foods safety b. Shopping for and preparing nutritious foods c. Using an oven mitt (gang tay) when handling hot foods or meats A 57./ Dehydration (sư mạ t nưở c) is the leading cause of pressure ulcers : a./ TRUE b./ FALSE FALSE 58./ A client confined (bị giở i hạ n) to a bed must change position every : a. 1 hour b. 2 hours c. 3 hours B 59./ Clients at high-risk for pressure ulcers are people : a. That smoke b. With unmanaged incontinence (đái ỉ a tư độ ng) c. With food allergies B 60./ To help keep a client's skin healthy, encourage him/her to : a. Use under pads that hold moisture on the skin b. Eat a well-balanced diet and drink plenty of fluids c. Take a bath daily using plenty of hot water B 61./ Anytime you see redness on a client's unbroken skin lasting 15-30 minutes or more - especially at a pressure point : a. Remove pressure from the area immediately b. Increase pressure to the area immediately c. Do nothing - but watch it closely for the next few hours A 62./ When helping with passive range of motion exercises, move the joint gently to the point of : a. Pain b. Resistance c. comfort B 63./ To take good care of a client's dentures, always soak them in: a. Bleach b. Hot water c. Cool water C 64./ To communicate effectively with a client, he / she needs to a. Like what you have to say b. Understand what you said the way you meant it c. Sit close to you when you are talking B 65./ When faced with difficult behaviors from others, it is best to : a. React in a similar manner b. Remain calm and balanced c. Defend yourself at all costs B 66./ To be an effective active listener : a. Stay focused on the task you are doing b. Stop what you are doing and focus on the speaker c. Focus on what you want to say while the speaker is talking B 67./ A client is upset and you are not sure you have understood what he is telling you. You should : a. Let it go. It it is important it will come up again b. Restate his basic ideas in your own words to test your understanding c. Tell him you aren't going to listen until he calms down. B 68./ To make sure what you say communicates respect and engages the client, you should : a. Think about what you want to say before you speak b. Say whatever comes to your mind c. Say what you think the client wants to hear A 69./ During a transfer, do not have a client put his/her arms on your : a. Neck b. Shoulders c. hips A 70./ When helping a client to walk, you should walk slightly behind a client and on : a. His / her strong side b. His / her weaker side c. Either side, it doesn't matter B 71./ If a client has fallen and is injured : a. Lift him / her to a chair or bed b. Get him / her medical help c. Give him / her a glass of water B 72./ Proper body mechanics mean you lift with your a. Back b. Abdomen c. legs C 73./ HIV can be spread by : a. Holding hands or hugging b. Having unprotected sex c. Sharing utensils or drinking glasses B 74./ To effectively kill germs on surfaces, you must : a. Clean with soap and water only b. Disinfect and then clean with soap and water c. Clean with soap and water and then disinfect C 75./ A caregiver's job is to break the chain of infection : a. Whenever and wherever you can b. When it is part of the care plan c. When you have extra time A 76./ The most important thing you can do to control infection is to : a. Cover your mouth b. Wash your hand c. Get a flu shot B 77./ Blood borne pathogens (các mạ m bễ nh) can be spread by : a. Sharing a bathroom b. Coughing or sneezing c. Cleaning up blood C 78./ When cleaning any surface with blood, always wear : a. Gloves b. Goggles c. An apron A 79./ HIV test results are : a. Kept confidential b. Given to your employer c. Available on-line A 80./ To support a client's independence when helping with personal care, you should encourage the client to : a. Do as much as he / she can b. Try big, new things every day c. Not use assistive devices A 81./ When providing personal care, honor a client's need for privacy : a. Every time you provide care b. When you can take the time c. If the client asks for it A 82./ To effectively observe changes in a client, compare his / her baseline to : a. What you see, hear, smell or feel b. Other client's behaviors. c. Their last visit to the doctor A 83./ The following statement is an "Mrs. Smith was out of control all afternoon" a. Objective observation b. Subjective observation B 84./ In most emergencies, your first response should be to : a. Check the care plan b. Make sure the client is safe c. Report to your case manager / supervisor B 85./ Changes in a client's baseline should be reported when you : a. Have a few extra minutes b. Feel like it c. Are concerned C 86./ Since Mr. Rogers hired another caregiver a month ago, he was given her $800 to fix her care, $725 for a dental crown and has "misplaced" his checkbook. What should you do? a. Call and report it to DSHS b. Talk to the new caregiver about it c. Call Mr. Roger's family and tell them A 87./ A client ask you to do something you feel puts his / her safety at risk. You should : a. Explain why you are concerned and offer a safer alternative b. Tell the client you won't do it and politely walk away. c. Do what the client asks without questioning it A 88./ Mr. Stevens has Alzheimer's disease and continually finds ways to get outside and wander off. You should : a. Block him from the door when you see him go near it b. Encourage the use of an exit alarm where he lives. c. let him go. He has the right to do what he wants. B 89./ The window of time a medication can normally be safety taken within : a. From 1 - 2 hours of the prescribed time; b. From 3 - 4 hours of the prescribed time c. 30 minutes of the prescribed time C 90./ The following care tasks cannot be done by a caregiver under nurse delegation : a. Tube feedings b. Injecting medications (other than insulin) c. Colostomy care B 91./ A caregiver can assist a client with PRN medications, when there are clear, written directions and : a. The client requests it b. Nursing judgment is required c. You have time to help A 92./ The wrong medication was given to a client by mistake. Your first action must be to : a. Watch for side-effects b. Report it immediately c. Offer the correct medication B 93./ When assisting with medications, you must read the medication label and verify it is the correct time, dosage and route : a. The first time you give it to a client only b. Every time you assist giving the medication c. When you think about it and have time B 94./ To effectively communicate "NO" when setting limits with others : a. Give a long explanation for why you can't do something b. Use the word "NO" and repeat it if necessary c. Offer a good excuse for why you can't do it. B 95./ Friends and family are telling you stress is becoming a problem in your life. When you should take steps to reduce it? a. As soon as possible b. In a few months c. No action is necessary A 96./ This afternoon a client has just learned of the death of a close friend. You should : a. Tell them all about your own experiences with loss b. Let the person know you care and are available to listen c. Avoid any conversation about it for a few days B 97./ To set healthy limits with others, you first have to be realistic about what? a. Whether the person will accept it b. What you can and can't do c. What is best for the other person B 98./ A client has a legal right to : a. Tell a caregiver what to wear b. Wear another person's clothing c. Choose what to wear C 99./ When is a caregiver mandated to report abuse of a vulnerable adult? a. Any time the caregiver suspects abuse b. After getting his/her supervisor's permission. c. After getting the client's permission A 100./ When confidential information must be shared with other care team members about a client, you must : a. Get the client's written permission before you do so. b. Only share what is needed and in the client's best interest. c. Only talk about it outside of work setting B 101./ There is a medical emergency, 911 has been called, and your client has advance directives. Individual providers must : a. Give them to the EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) when they arrive b. Only give them to the EMTs if they ask for them c. Give them to the EMTs if they remember to A 102./ 103. Put the number of the correct definition next to the term it defines Term Definition 1. Financial exploitation * Intentionally causing pain, suffering, and/or injury to a Vulnerable adult 2. Abandonment ** Using or stealing a vulnerable adult's things, property or money 3. Neglect *** A person who has responsibility for providing care deserting or living a vulnerable adult without basic life necessities 4. Abuse **** Failing to provide important basic life necessities or Taking action to prevent harm or pain. 2 4 3 1 103./ When giving a bed bath, how often should the water be changed? a. as often as needed to have warm, clean water at all times b. just one time c. only after washing the perineal area d. only after washing the front half of the patient A 104./ Taking a vulnerable adult's money for personal use could be financial exploitation. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 105./ A caregiver is allowed to use a tie or belt to keep a client from getting out of a bed or chair. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 106./ Advance directives can only be cancelled by a family member or doctor. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 107./ An important part of caregiver's job is to report changes in client's condition. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 108./ When clean up blood, wear gloves only if a client had a blood-borne disease. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 109./ It is illegal to discriminate against a person with HIV/AIDS . a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 110./ The HIV virus is hard to kill on household surfaces. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 111./ Clients that are bed bound need to change position frequently to protect their skin. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 112./ According to the food pyramid, grains (breads, pasta, rice) should be the highest number of servings eaten daily. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 113./ A caregiver can assist with PRN medications if professional judgment is needed. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 114./ Disposable gloves may be reused if they are not torn or do not have any holes in them. a. TRUE b. FALSE FALSE 115./ The DSHS care plan will provide the caregiver with information on emergency contacts. a. TRUE b. FALSE TRUE 116./ A client's care plan is important because it helps you to a. Give medical advice to the client. b. Meet the client's family members. c. Know what personal care tasks to do. C 117./ When reporting suspected abuse to DSHS, you must : a. Have the client make the phone call. b. Contact your supervisor / case manager first. c. Describe exactly what you observed. C 118./ Your client's physical condition has improved and he / she no longer needs assistance with certain tasks. What must you do? a. Continue to assist the client even though he / she is able to do it himself / herself. b. Tell the client that you will leave because you are not need anymore. c. Document the improvements and report it to your supervisor / case manager. C 119./ Infections can be spread by : a. Wearing gloves. b. Using a dirty washcloth. c. Frequent handwashing B 120./ Mr. Hagan wants you to take him shopping but he is supposed to stay home for medical reasons. You should explain that : a. Leaving the home is not an option and refuse to talk about it. b. He needs to stay home and you will go shopping for him. c. There is no transportation available for him to go shopping. B 121./ Mrs. Smith told you that her daughter was angry with her yesterday and the daughter hit her. You must : a. Supervise all of Mrs. Smith's visit with her daughter. b. Tell Mrs. Smith to report this abuse to the police. c. Report the suspected abuse to DSHS and law enforcement. C 122./ If a client is developing a pressure ulcer, you must : a. Massage the reddened area. b. Use a heat lamp to dry out the area. c. Report it immediately and get help. C 123./ A caregiver working in Mrs. Sine's home is concerned about some changes in her behavior. The caregiver should report : a. His / her opinion of why Mrs. Sine is acting this way. b. Objective details about what is observed. c. No information because it is not that important B 124./ When assisting a client with medications, make sure : a. The amount taken matches the dosage on the label. b. To put the medication in the client's mouth. c. To go back the next day to make sure the client took it A 125./ Which could be a sign of neglect? A Client : a. Asking for privacy in the bathroom. b. Being left alone in the home without food. c. Having his / her bedroom door closed. B 126./ Mr. Davis is a kind man and you have been caring for him for several months. He wants to give you a gift of $100.00. You should tell him : a. To give the gift to charity in your name. b. That you are not to accept any gifts. c. That he must split the money with all the caregivers. B 127./ A DSHS client that self-directs his / her care must : a. Train the caregiver how to do the care task. b. Train the case manager how to do the care task. c. Ask his / her doctor to train the caregiver. A 128./ When something needs to be documented about a client, you should : a. Make sure that you give your opinion. b. Wait until the issue is solved to document it. c. Write down exactly what happened as soon as possible. C 129./ HIV/AIDS is caused by a : a. Food-borne virus. b. Blood-borne virus. c. Air-borne virus. B 130./ Mr. Fillmore has diabetes and has a new sore on his foot. You must : a. Put a band-aid on it and watch it every day. b. Report it to your supervisor / case manager. c. Tell Mr. Fillmore to take better care of himself B 131./ Disposable gloves should be worn when : a. Folding clean laundry b. Brushing the client's teeth. c. Putting away the groceries. B 132./ Behaviors that put you at-risk for getting HIV/AIDS include : a. Hugging an infected person. b. Using a public restroom. c. Contact with infected blood. C 133./ Mr. Smith's son, Bob, is visiting him from out of town. Bob asks you about his father's health. Your best response would be tell Bob : a. All you know about his father's health. b. To ask his father about his health. c. You do not know anything. B 134./ Good infection control includes : a. Stopping the spread of germs. b. Keeping things moist. c. Cleaning common areas once a week. A 135./ A Client has a legal right to : a. Be involved in choosing services received. b. Use another person's private property c. Verbally threaten caregivers A 136./ To help keep a client's skin healthy : a. Use a lot of soap. b. Keep his / her skin clean and dry. c. Use hot water for bathing. B 137./ Mr. Lee has dementia and bumps into people who get in his way. You should : a. Ask him to play a game or take a walk. b. Hold his hands down so he cannot hurt anyone. c. Send him to his room for two hours. A 138./ Which of the following is a possible warning sign of dehydration? A client who : a. Drinks only warm tap water. b. Complains of having headaches. c. Misses a planned outing B 139./ An example of medication administration is : a. Giving an opened prescribed medication bottle to the client. b. Telling the client that it is time to take a prescribed medication. c. Rubbing a prescribed medicated cream onto the client's skin. C 140./ A nursing assistant's role in nurse delegation is to do a delegated task (s) : a. As trained by the RN. b. Even if he / she is uncomfortable. c. That require nursing judgment. A 141./ As a caregiver what is the first thing you need to do in an emergency? a. Only do what the client asks. b. Make sure the client is safe. c. Call your supervisor / case manager. B 142./ An example of a restraint is : a. Clothing a client cannot take off. b. A pillow used to position a client. c. A medication for pain relief. A 143./ Mrs. Johnson has developed a cough and does not want anyone to know. However, the cough has become worse within the last week. You must : a. Tell your supervisor / case manager as soon as possible. b. Respect the client's confidentially and not say anything. c. Give Mrs. Johnson some cough medicine and cough drops. A 144./ When you recognize you are feeling stress, you should : a. Stop everything you are doing. b. Take action to reduce the cause. c. Wait a few weeks to see how you are doing. B 145./ Which of the following helps prevent client falls : a. A bath mat in a shower or tub. b. Lowering the seat on a toilet. c. Having throw rugs on floors. C 146./ Which practice helps a client keep good bowel function? a. Having a big breakfast. b. Straining when toileting. c. Eating foods high in fiber. C 147./ When a client falls, what is the first thing you do? a. Tell the family about what happened. b. Assist the client to get up on to a chair. c. Ask the client if he / she has been hurt. C 148./ An example of medication assistance is putting the prescribed : a. Medication in the client's mouth. b. Medication in the client's hand. c. Medicated cream on the client's skin. B 149./ Mrs. Washington has bruises on her arms and legs that can't be explained. You must : a. Report this suspected abuse to DSHS immediately. b. Get her permission before making a report. c. Wait until there is more proof that the abuse happened. A 150./ A caregiver is having a problem with a client they cannot resolve. What action should the caregiver take : a. Quit and find another job doing something different. b. Talk with the supervisor / case manager about possible solutions. c. Ignore the problem and hope it will go away. B 151./ Which one of the following actions could be helpful to you if you were experiencing grief and loss : a. Talking with someone that will listen. b. Ignoring the feelings, they will go away. c. Increasing work hours to keep busy A 152./ The schedule for when a client's medication is taken is determined by : a. What fits into a caregiver's routine. b. The client and his/her health care practitioner. c. The type of care setting the client lives in B 153./ Taking good care of yourself includes : a. Putting other peoples' needs before your own. b. Knowing when and how to reduce stress. c. Putting off doing fun things for yourself. B What is the expanded definition of health? A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease Describe how our beliefs about health have changed over time Health used to simply be the absence of disease, because people often died of disease and illness. Now, health is defined as wellbeing in all aspects of ones life with the ability to grow and a good quality of life What are Environmental Risk Factors? Something beyond the control of an individual but still affects them Examples of Environmental Risk Factors - pollution of lakes and rivers by raw sewage and industrial waste - air pollution - lack of open recreational facilities in urban areas - overcrowding - poor working conditions - rapid social change What are Lifestyle Risk Factors? Controllable behaviours Examples of Lifestyle Risk Factors? - diet and excercise - overeating and obesity - high fat diet - lack of exercise - fad diets - lack of recreation - substance abuse - alcohol abuse (liver disease and car accidents) - tobacco use - abuse of prescription/non prescription and mnd-altering drugs - careless driving - uncareful and unprotected sex What are the 5 basic principles of the Canadian health care system? Public administration, comprehensiveness, universitality, accrssibility, and portability What are major challenges that confront the Canadian health care system? - disadvantaged groups have lower life expectancy, poorer health higher risk of disability - different forms of preventable disease and injuries - chronic disease - stress, disability, lack of support - rapid and irreversible social change - shifting family structures - aging population What is health promotion? Strategies that improve or maintain health and independance (e.g. exercising 30 minutes 5 x a week) What is disease prevention? Strategies that prevent the occurence of disease or injury (e.g. bike helmets, immunizations) What are the 3 goals of health care agencies? 1. Health promotion 2. Detection and treatment of disease 3. Rehabilitation of exsisting concerns What are the 3 models of healthcare? Medical model, social model, health promotion model Medical Model: value, structure and functions Value: treatment of disease and injury Structure: doctors office or hospital Functions: surgery, medications, rehabilitation Social Model: value, structure and functions Value: medical care is only one part of a healthcare system Structure: community clinic, drop-in centre, home Functions: personal and family counseling, adult day care Health Promotion Model: value, structure and functions Values: prevention of disease, self-care Structure: individual learning about lifestyle, entertainment, health, disease prevention Emphasis is moving towards the health promotion mode. Elements essential to the success of this mode include? Selfcare: no junk food, daily exercise Mutual Aid: social support systems/groups Healthy Environment: unpolluted rivers, clean air, safe communities Health Care in Manitoba - developed extensive and far-reaching changes - combined social and health promotion model which includes: health promotion/disease prevention, provision of surfaces nearer to the communities where people live and work, provision of health education to enable Manitobans to make informed health care decisions - shared health (clinical experts across the province, patient centred, accessible response system) What are the Regional Health Authorities in Manitoba? 1. Southern Health 2. Winnipeg 3. Prarie Mountain Health 4. Interlake Eastern 5. Northern 6. Winnipeg (Chruchill) What are the diferent levels of care? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Primary Care Service provided at first contact, between person and health care prof. (E.g. doctor, nurse) Secondary Care Service delivered by specialized manpower using specialized resources. (E.g. cancer, burns, cardiac disease) Tertiary Care Specialized facilities and professional care (E.g. complicated pregnancies, severe trauma) Quaternary Care Extension of tertiary care, highly specialized and unusual What are RHA's legally obligated to? In MB, RHA's are legally obligated to ensure that the public has a voice in healthcare delivery decisions 5 Local Healthcare Services Institutions, public health, home care, mental health, cancer diagnostics and treatment Identify members of the health care team Clients and family, admin, board, auxillary members, dietary, medical physicians, maintenance, nursing, pharmacy, recreation, rehab, sanitation, social work, spiritual, tech support Members in the Nursing team Registered nurses (R.N.), Registered Pschiatric Nurses (R.PN.), Licensed Practical Nurse (L.PN.), Health Care Aids, Health Unit Clerks Role of the R.N. Responsible for total nursing care (unstable patients) Role of the R.P.N. Responsible for total nursing care (mental health and unstable patients) Role of the L.P.N. Works under the supervisions of an R.N. provding care for stable patients What are the formal lines of communication? Vertical and horizontal What is the purpose of a team conference? To develop or revise a patient care plan What is team nursing? Staff is divided into teams led by an RN who distributes patient care assignments What is functional nursing? Task-oriented organization of care What is primary nursing? Patient-oriented way of organizing care What is case managment? Where the RN coordinates the person's care from admission through discharge into the home A HCA is responsible for? Maintaining a safe clean environment A HUC is reponsible for? Answering the phone in a respectful and courteous manner Values definition a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgement of what is important in life Norms defintion Guidelines that indicate appropriate and innappropriate actions for diff. circumstances or events. Based on cultural values Implications of Culture We need to be sensitive to what culture means and it's implications in the care we give - personal space - social structure - dress - language - food Commission defintion of reconcilliation An ongoing process of establishing and maintaining respectful relationships. A critical part of this process involves repairing damaged trust by making apologies, providing individual and collective reparations, and following through with concrete actions that demonstrate real societal change What is Jordan's Principle? A patient-first principle Ethics definition Principles or rules of conduct governing the actions of an individual or group. Doing the right thing for the good of society. Autonomy Principle People should be free to make their own decisions and decide their own destiny. Includes the right to privacy and confidentiality Veracity Principle Duty to tell the truth Non-maleficence Principle Do no harm Beneficence Principle Take action that produces benefit for the patient, do good Fidelity Principle Loyalty, keeping promises, and being faithful Justice Principle Fairness and provision of equal care for all patients Why do HCA's need to learn about ethics? Because it provides rules of conduct for the actions of an individual or group What is a mission statement? A value statement found in the policy manual Procedure Manuals Reflect the philosophy of the mission statement of the facililty and tell us how particular tasks in the facility should be performed Criminal law To protect society as a whole, deal with offenses against the public and most society in general (e.g. murder, robbery) Civil law Concerned with relationships between people (e.g. contracts), deal with wrongs committed against a person or a person;s property Torts A wrongful act committed by one person against another causing some injury or damage to that person or thier property. It may be intentional (assault) or unintentional (negligence) usually compensated for by money Assault Intentionally threatening or attempting to touch another person's body without that person's consent Battery Actually carrying out a threat to do bodily harm to another person or the act of touching another person without their consent (e.g. force feeding a patient) Negligence Careless or unskilled action that results in harm to a patient Malpractice Same as negligence but is committed by a healthcare professional such as a physician, nurse, pharmacist Defamation Act of harming or ruining another's reputation (verbal = slander, written = libel) Invasion of Privacy Unnecessary exposure of a pateint during care and revealing personal information about a patient False Imprisonment Unnecessary restriction of the freedom of another person Discrimination Treating people differently because of their skin colour, culture, religious belief or some other prejiduces What is vicarious liability? Makes an employer liable for the torts of the employee Crimes Wrongful act against society - theft - abuse Ways to prevent physical fatigue? Adequate rest, healthy diet, regular exercise Ways to prevent pschological fatigue? - have variety in work - make time for recreation - try to reduce stress 1:00pm in 24h time 1300 2:00pm in 24h time 1400 3:00pm in 24h time 1500 4:00pm in 24h time 1600 5:00pm in 24h time 1700 6:00pm in 24h time 1800 7:00pm in 24h time 1900 8:00pm in 24h time 2000 9:00pm in 24h time 2100 10:00pm in 24h time 2200 11:00pm in 24h time 23oo 12:00am in 24h time 0000 or 2400 Steps in the problem solving process 1- define the problem 2- gather data or info 3- identify possible solutions 4- define goals 5- plan actions and set priorities 6- implement the plan 7- evaluate the plan Setting goals: SMART Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely Planning your life and your work - what tasks are priorities - how much time will each task require - can i dovetail/overlap tasks - have i allowed time for the unexpected - is there a co-worker who can assist me with some tasks Decsion making skills Focus, flexibility, decisiveness Delegation (Transfer of function) Delegation is a process by which an RN authorizes another healthcare provider to perform certain tasks When an RN delegates a task they are required to? - teach you the task - assess your performance - monitor you overtime to ensure you remain able to perform the task correctly and safely You have the right to say no and should not perfom a task when? - the task is not included as part of your job description - you were not prepared to perform the task safely - the task could harm the person Professionalism An approach to work that demonstrates respect for others, commitment, competence, and appropriate behaviour.