Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the branch of Science in which
deals with energy changes taking place
in all
physical and chemical process.
Advantage of Thermodynamic :
It
gives information about various
energy change
9
gives information about various thermodynamic
change
chemical
It
gives information about whether a
Rxn will occurs or not in
given Set
of Condition
.
Limitations!
> It doesn't idea about rate of Rxn
give any
-
-
TD
.
deals with macroscopic System but
doesn't deals with microscopic System (atom.
Moleculed
Some Important terms :
① System >
-
Part of universe which is under
absorvation is Called System .
& Surrounding -
Part of Universe other than
system is called Surrounding
.
③ Universe : -
System + Surrounding = Universe
,U-Boundary Anything : which Separate System
and called boundary
Surrounding are
.
>
- Universe
system
-
>
Surrounding Boundary
Types of Boundary :
① Real or
Imaginary Boundary :
-
&
-
----
↳
imaginary
- - -
-
- - -
-
---
-
-
: >
-
Real
② Conducting (diathermic) or
Non-conducting
- ↓ Cadiabatic)
Heat exchange No Heat exchange
3
3011/H20H20-40 H20 H20
t ↓
50 C
°
Constant
/constants
,③ Rigid or
Non-Rigid Boundary ! -
d
Non-Flexible
↳ Flexible
>
-
Steel
Container
3 Piston
Type of System : -
There are three
types of System
Types Matter/mass Energy diagram Example
Hot water in
①
·
open L -
sysmutty Open Container
system Surf
Hot Coffee in
Glass
All
living
·
System .
② -
closed X 2
E Hot water in a
System .
System closed Container
Surrounding
③ Isolated X Y
System Hot a
Syssin
water
thermos Flak
Surr
, Thermodynamic Variable/State Variables :
·
variables which define state of any State is
Called
thermodynamics Variable/State Variable .
State of Can be
System defined with
·
any
the help of
Pressure ,
volume , temp , mole , et
P V Tn
*
Any of these properties change then state
system is also
of change
State function Path Function
& Properties which are depend 1) . Properties which are
on initial and final state of depends of initial and final
system but doesn't depends State of
System as well as
on path are Called State function . Path of System .
2) These are denoted
by Capital 2) These are denoted
Letters small letters.
.
by
G >
-
Gibb's Free energy .
Heat (9)
#- >
Enthalpy work (w)
E- > Internal Energy (r)
S
T
-
Entropy
=> Temperature
P- Pressure
V = volume
Thermodynamics is the branch of Science in which
deals with energy changes taking place
in all
physical and chemical process.
Advantage of Thermodynamic :
It
gives information about various
energy change
9
gives information about various thermodynamic
change
chemical
It
gives information about whether a
Rxn will occurs or not in
given Set
of Condition
.
Limitations!
> It doesn't idea about rate of Rxn
give any
-
-
TD
.
deals with macroscopic System but
doesn't deals with microscopic System (atom.
Moleculed
Some Important terms :
① System >
-
Part of universe which is under
absorvation is Called System .
& Surrounding -
Part of Universe other than
system is called Surrounding
.
③ Universe : -
System + Surrounding = Universe
,U-Boundary Anything : which Separate System
and called boundary
Surrounding are
.
>
- Universe
system
-
>
Surrounding Boundary
Types of Boundary :
① Real or
Imaginary Boundary :
-
&
-
----
↳
imaginary
- - -
-
- - -
-
---
-
-
: >
-
Real
② Conducting (diathermic) or
Non-conducting
- ↓ Cadiabatic)
Heat exchange No Heat exchange
3
3011/H20H20-40 H20 H20
t ↓
50 C
°
Constant
/constants
,③ Rigid or
Non-Rigid Boundary ! -
d
Non-Flexible
↳ Flexible
>
-
Steel
Container
3 Piston
Type of System : -
There are three
types of System
Types Matter/mass Energy diagram Example
Hot water in
①
·
open L -
sysmutty Open Container
system Surf
Hot Coffee in
Glass
All
living
·
System .
② -
closed X 2
E Hot water in a
System .
System closed Container
Surrounding
③ Isolated X Y
System Hot a
Syssin
water
thermos Flak
Surr
, Thermodynamic Variable/State Variables :
·
variables which define state of any State is
Called
thermodynamics Variable/State Variable .
State of Can be
System defined with
·
any
the help of
Pressure ,
volume , temp , mole , et
P V Tn
*
Any of these properties change then state
system is also
of change
State function Path Function
& Properties which are depend 1) . Properties which are
on initial and final state of depends of initial and final
system but doesn't depends State of
System as well as
on path are Called State function . Path of System .
2) These are denoted
by Capital 2) These are denoted
Letters small letters.
.
by
G >
-
Gibb's Free energy .
Heat (9)
#- >
Enthalpy work (w)
E- > Internal Energy (r)
S
T
-
Entropy
=> Temperature
P- Pressure
V = volume
