PSY 101 ERICKA NUS UB TEST 2 |100 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
Question 1
Classical conditioning is also frequently referred to by what other name?
A) Instrumental conditioning
B) Pavlovian conditioning
C) Operant conditioning
D) Vicarious learning
E) Latent conditioning
Correct Answer: B) Pavlovian conditioning
Rationale: Classical conditioning is named after Ivan Pavlov, the Russian physiologist who
first described the process through his famous experiments with dogs.
Question 2
Which of the following best defines the process of classical conditioning?
A) A voluntary behavior is learned through consequences.
B) A behavior is learned by watching a model perform it.
C) A neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response originally evoked by another
stimulus.
D) A person learns to solve a problem through trial and error.
E) An innate behavior is forgotten through lack of reinforcement.
Correct Answer: C) A neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response originally
evoked by another stimulus.
Rationale: The core of classical conditioning is the association between a neutral stimulus
(like a bell) and an unconditioned stimulus (like food).
Question 3
In the context of learning theories, classical conditioning is used to describe behaviors that are:
A) Voluntary
B) Intentional
C) Natural or reflexive
D) Goal-oriented
E) Abstract
Correct Answer: C) Natural or reflexive
Rationale: Classical conditioning generally deals with involuntary, natural, or reflexive
responses, such as salivation, fear, or nausea.
Question 4
Ivan Pavlov’s initial research, which led to the discovery of classical conditioning, involved what
procedure?
A) Training rats to navigate a maze
B) Observing children playing with dolls
C) An incision in a dog’s mouth to collect saliva
, Page 2
D) Teaching monkeys to choose between two shapes
E) Monitoring human brain waves during sleep
Correct Answer: C) An incision in a dog’s mouth to collect saliva
Rationale: Pavlov was originally studying the digestive system of dogs when he noticed they
began salivating before the food was even presented.
Question 5
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
A) A learned signal that triggers a response
B) A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
C) A stimulus that has no effect on the subject
D) A behavior that is reinforced by a reward
E) A sound that is paired with a light
Correct Answer: B) A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
Rationale: The "unconditioned" part means no learning is required; the stimulus (like food)
triggers the response (like drooling) biologically.
Question 6
The natural, automatic response to an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is called the:
A) Conditioned Response (CR)
B) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
C) Unconditioned Response (UCR)
D) Neutral Stimulus (NS)
E) Discriminative Stimulus
Correct Answer: C) Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Rationale: The UCR is the unlearned, reflexive reaction that occurs naturally when the UCS
is presented.
Question 7
How does a Neutral Stimulus (NS) become a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
A) Through spontaneous recovery
B) By being paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
C) By being ignored by the subject
D) Through positive reinforcement
E) By removing a negative stimulus
Correct Answer: B) By being paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Rationale: Through repeated pairings, the subject learns to associate the neutral stimulus
with the UCS, causing the neutral stimulus to become a CS.
Question 8
A Conditioned Response (CR) is a:
A) Reflexive response to a natural stimulus
, Page 3
B) Voluntary response to a consequence
C) Learned response to a stimulus that did not originally trigger that response
D) Response that is forgotten over time
E) Response that only occurs in humans
Correct Answer: C) Learned response to a stimulus that did not originally trigger that
response
Rationale: The CR is the behavior (like salivating to a bell) that results from the learned
association between the CS and UCS.
Question 9
In Pavlov’s dog study, what served as the Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
A) The meat powder
B) Salivation
C) The bell (or tone)
D) The lab assistant
E) The dog's hunger
Correct Answer: C) The bell (or tone)
Rationale: The bell was originally neutral, but after being paired with food, it acquired the
ability to trigger salivation on its own.
Question 10
Which psychologist was responsible for the "Little Albert" experiment?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) B.F. Skinner
C) John Watson
D) Albert Bandura
E) Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: C) John Watson
Rationale: John Watson applied the principles of classical conditioning to humans to show
how emotions like fear could be conditioned.
Question 11
In the "Little Albert" experiment, what was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
A) The white rat
B) The loud noise
C) Crying/Fear
D) The hammer
E) The researcher's mask
Correct Answer: B) The loud noise
Rationale: A loud noise naturally triggers a fear response in infants; it was the UCS used to
condition Albert to fear the rat.
SOLUTION.
Question 1
Classical conditioning is also frequently referred to by what other name?
A) Instrumental conditioning
B) Pavlovian conditioning
C) Operant conditioning
D) Vicarious learning
E) Latent conditioning
Correct Answer: B) Pavlovian conditioning
Rationale: Classical conditioning is named after Ivan Pavlov, the Russian physiologist who
first described the process through his famous experiments with dogs.
Question 2
Which of the following best defines the process of classical conditioning?
A) A voluntary behavior is learned through consequences.
B) A behavior is learned by watching a model perform it.
C) A neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response originally evoked by another
stimulus.
D) A person learns to solve a problem through trial and error.
E) An innate behavior is forgotten through lack of reinforcement.
Correct Answer: C) A neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response originally
evoked by another stimulus.
Rationale: The core of classical conditioning is the association between a neutral stimulus
(like a bell) and an unconditioned stimulus (like food).
Question 3
In the context of learning theories, classical conditioning is used to describe behaviors that are:
A) Voluntary
B) Intentional
C) Natural or reflexive
D) Goal-oriented
E) Abstract
Correct Answer: C) Natural or reflexive
Rationale: Classical conditioning generally deals with involuntary, natural, or reflexive
responses, such as salivation, fear, or nausea.
Question 4
Ivan Pavlov’s initial research, which led to the discovery of classical conditioning, involved what
procedure?
A) Training rats to navigate a maze
B) Observing children playing with dolls
C) An incision in a dog’s mouth to collect saliva
, Page 2
D) Teaching monkeys to choose between two shapes
E) Monitoring human brain waves during sleep
Correct Answer: C) An incision in a dog’s mouth to collect saliva
Rationale: Pavlov was originally studying the digestive system of dogs when he noticed they
began salivating before the food was even presented.
Question 5
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
A) A learned signal that triggers a response
B) A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
C) A stimulus that has no effect on the subject
D) A behavior that is reinforced by a reward
E) A sound that is paired with a light
Correct Answer: B) A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
Rationale: The "unconditioned" part means no learning is required; the stimulus (like food)
triggers the response (like drooling) biologically.
Question 6
The natural, automatic response to an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is called the:
A) Conditioned Response (CR)
B) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
C) Unconditioned Response (UCR)
D) Neutral Stimulus (NS)
E) Discriminative Stimulus
Correct Answer: C) Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Rationale: The UCR is the unlearned, reflexive reaction that occurs naturally when the UCS
is presented.
Question 7
How does a Neutral Stimulus (NS) become a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
A) Through spontaneous recovery
B) By being paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
C) By being ignored by the subject
D) Through positive reinforcement
E) By removing a negative stimulus
Correct Answer: B) By being paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Rationale: Through repeated pairings, the subject learns to associate the neutral stimulus
with the UCS, causing the neutral stimulus to become a CS.
Question 8
A Conditioned Response (CR) is a:
A) Reflexive response to a natural stimulus
, Page 3
B) Voluntary response to a consequence
C) Learned response to a stimulus that did not originally trigger that response
D) Response that is forgotten over time
E) Response that only occurs in humans
Correct Answer: C) Learned response to a stimulus that did not originally trigger that
response
Rationale: The CR is the behavior (like salivating to a bell) that results from the learned
association between the CS and UCS.
Question 9
In Pavlov’s dog study, what served as the Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
A) The meat powder
B) Salivation
C) The bell (or tone)
D) The lab assistant
E) The dog's hunger
Correct Answer: C) The bell (or tone)
Rationale: The bell was originally neutral, but after being paired with food, it acquired the
ability to trigger salivation on its own.
Question 10
Which psychologist was responsible for the "Little Albert" experiment?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) B.F. Skinner
C) John Watson
D) Albert Bandura
E) Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: C) John Watson
Rationale: John Watson applied the principles of classical conditioning to humans to show
how emotions like fear could be conditioned.
Question 11
In the "Little Albert" experiment, what was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
A) The white rat
B) The loud noise
C) Crying/Fear
D) The hammer
E) The researcher's mask
Correct Answer: B) The loud noise
Rationale: A loud noise naturally triggers a fear response in infants; it was the UCS used to
condition Albert to fear the rat.
