Rush - Advanced Pharmacology - NSG 531 - Exam 1 (2026
updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) fully solved
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Terms in this set (131)
Drug a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong bases F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases
what are the four things that the body does to a drug? 1. absorbs it
2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or
GI tract, the body distributes to where it acts)
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug
Describe absorption drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through
the cell membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility
What are cell membranes made of? phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that does not have to IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
pass through the cell membrane?
What are the four mechanisms of transport across the 1. simple diffusion
cell membrane? 2. channel-mediated
3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
, Simple diffusion - what has to be true? -drug has to be lipid soluble
-there has to be a concentration gradient present
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these
two properties balance each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is able to be it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is not highly water soluble it
transported by simple diffusion, what will happen once will need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported throughout the
it crosses the cell membrane? circulation
What are the channels in Channel mediated transport channels are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
membrane
how does channel mediated transport work? there are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
membrane
there is water within the pore/channel that the water soluble drug can go
through and the protein walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid
bilayer
How does carrier mediated transport work? -there is a carrier protein embedded in the surface of the cell membrane that
fits the drug that is trying to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between the protein and the drug
-if it fits then it binds causing a conformation change
-the orientation of the protein flips over so that the open side of the protein is
now on the opposite side and the drug is transported to the other side of the
cell membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
conformational change a change in how something is oriented
i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein accepts the drug, then flips,
orienting the open side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell
membrane
what are the three types of passive transport simple diffusion, channel-mediated, carrier-mediated
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble drug get lipid soluble
absorbed more quickly?
what does solubility of a drug depend on? -whether the drug is an acid or a base
-the pH of the environment in which the drug is located
what does pH measure? hydrogen ion concentration
pH = -log (H+)
what happens when you put an acidic drug in solution? it gives up its' hydrogen ion and releases it into solution
what happens when you put a basic drug in solution? it accepts a hydrogen ion sitting in solution
What is the equation for acid? HA --><-- H+ + A-
What is the equation for Base? BH+ --><-- B + H+
HA associated - it has its' hydrogen ion
is this acid associated or dissociated?
updated) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) fully solved
Leave the first rating
Save
Students also studied
QAC Laws & Regulations Veterinary Pharmacology: Drug Typ... Crossfit Level 1 Certificate NU
Teacher 90 terms Teacher 58 terms Teacher 103 terms Te
wangzhao463 Preview Ken__Nya Preview sharontalia88 Preview
Terms in this set (131)
Drug a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body
T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong bases F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases
what are the four things that the body does to a drug? 1. absorbs it
2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or
GI tract, the body distributes to where it acts)
3. biotransforms or metabolizes it
4. eliminates it
Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the drug
Describe absorption drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into circulation
in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes
this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through
the cell membrane
cell membranes are made of lipids
therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility
What are cell membranes made of? phsopholipid bilayer
What is the only route of drug that does not have to IV push - because it goes directly into circulation
pass through the cell membrane?
What are the four mechanisms of transport across the 1. simple diffusion
cell membrane? 2. channel-mediated
3. carrier-mediated
4. Active Transport
, Simple diffusion - what has to be true? -drug has to be lipid soluble
-there has to be a concentration gradient present
-if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these
two properties balance each other out
If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is able to be it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is not highly water soluble it
transported by simple diffusion, what will happen once will need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported throughout the
it crosses the cell membrane? circulation
What are the channels in Channel mediated transport channels are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
membrane
how does channel mediated transport work? there are two groups of proteins on each side that create a pore in the cell
membrane
there is water within the pore/channel that the water soluble drug can go
through and the protein walls of the channel create a barrier from the lipid
bilayer
How does carrier mediated transport work? -there is a carrier protein embedded in the surface of the cell membrane that
fits the drug that is trying to pass
-you have to have a complementary fit between the protein and the drug
-if it fits then it binds causing a conformation change
-the orientation of the protein flips over so that the open side of the protein is
now on the opposite side and the drug is transported to the other side of the
cell membrane
-again a concentration gradient is needed
conformational change a change in how something is oriented
i.e. carrier-mediated transport where the protein accepts the drug, then flips,
orienting the open side of the protein to the opposite side of the cell
membrane
what are the three types of passive transport simple diffusion, channel-mediated, carrier-mediated
Does a lipid soluble or water soluble drug get lipid soluble
absorbed more quickly?
what does solubility of a drug depend on? -whether the drug is an acid or a base
-the pH of the environment in which the drug is located
what does pH measure? hydrogen ion concentration
pH = -log (H+)
what happens when you put an acidic drug in solution? it gives up its' hydrogen ion and releases it into solution
what happens when you put a basic drug in solution? it accepts a hydrogen ion sitting in solution
What is the equation for acid? HA --><-- H+ + A-
What is the equation for Base? BH+ --><-- B + H+
HA associated - it has its' hydrogen ion
is this acid associated or dissociated?
