PSYC 1F90 (2ND SEMESTER) 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Stimulus motives - ANSWERS✔-Stimulus motives are innate drives for
exploration, curiosity, and sensory stimulation, like a baby's interest in new
objects or adults' love for puzzles, pushing engagement with the environment for
cognitive growth and mental well-being. They're crucial for learning and
adaptation, beyond survival needs.
\.Drive Reduction Theory - ANSWERS✔-Drive Reduction Theory posits that
behavior is motivated by the need to address an internal deficiency (need),
leading to a motivated state or bodily tension (drive), which in turn prompts
actions (response) directed towards a goal. Achieving this goal satisfies the need,
leading to need reduction and alleviating the drive. This cycle, rooted in biological
motives and psychological desires, aims to restore homeostasis by reducing bodily
tension through specific responses to innate needs.
Need —> Drive —> Response —> Goal —> Need Reduction
\.Hunger and the Lateral Hypothalamus - ANSWERS✔-Ghrelin signals hunger by
activating the lateral hypothalamus to release orexin, increasing hunger, as shown
in animal studies and bypass surgery outcomes. Conversely, when body fat
exceeds a set point, leptin from fat cells signals the ventromedial hypothalamus to
decrease orexin release, reducing hunger.
,\.Learned Motives - ANSWERS✔-Learned motives encompass desires beyond
basic needs, focusing on wants shaped by experiences, culture, and personal
growth, driving behavior towards personally and socially valued goals.
\.External Incentives - ANSWERS✔-External incentives, stimuli related to rewards
or punishments, shape learning by influencing drive strength and directing
behavior. Goals vary in their learned incentive value; those perceived as more
rewarding carry a higher incentive value, thereby enhancing drive strength and
motivating individuals towards these objectives.
\.Arousal Theory - ANSWERS✔-Arousal Theory suggests individuals are motivated
to maintain an optimal level of arousal through engaging in activities that satisfy
stimulus motives, balancing the need for stimulation with the desire to avoid
overstimulation.
\.Arousal Theory and Yerkes-Dodson Law - ANSWERS✔-Arousal Theory,
complemented by the Yerkes-Dodson Law, posits that performance improves with
increased arousal to a point, after which further arousal can hinder performance.
Optimal performance typically occurs at moderate arousal levels: too low arousal
leads to poor performance, while too high can impair performance, especially if
the task is complex.
\.Self- determination Theory - ANSWERS✔-Self-Determination Theory centers on
fulfilling three innate psychological needs essential for well-being and growth:
competence (feeling skilled and capable), autonomy (having a sense of control
and choice), and relatedness (feeling connected to others). Meeting these needs
fosters motivation, personal development, and psychological health.
,\.Intrinsic Motivation - ANSWERS✔-Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in
activities for internal satisfaction and personal rewards, without the need for
external incentives or outcomes. This form of motivation is driven by interest,
enjoyment, or a sense of challenge in the task itself.
\.Extrinsic Motivation - ANSWERS✔-Extrinsic motivation is driven by external
factors, such as rewards or punishments. To minimize reliance on extrinsic
motivation, guidelines suggest not rewarding behaviors that are intrinsically
motivating, offering external rewards only during the skill development phase,
and phasing out these rewards as soon as practical to encourage self-motivation
and internal satisfaction.
\.Four Aspects of Emotions - ANSWERS✔-The four aspects of emotions
encompass experience (how we subjectively feel emotions such as fear, anger,
sadness, disgust, joy/happiness), physiology (the bodily responses associated with
emotions), expression (the external manifestation of emotions through facial
expressions, body language, and vocal tones), and cognition (the thoughts and
interpretations that accompany and influence emotional experiences). These
components interact to form the complex experience of emotions in humans.
\.Two Dimensions - ANSWERS✔-Emotions can be understood through two
dimensions: arousal level, which ranges from low to high and reflects the intensity
of the emotional response, and valence, which indicates the emotional quality as
positive (pleasant) or negative (unpleasant). This framework helps in categorizing
emotions based on how energized and how positive or negative they are.
, \.Automatic Nervous System (ANS) - ANSWERS✔-The Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS) regulates involuntary body functions and consists of two branches:
- Sympathetic Branch: Activates during high arousal emotions like fear and anger,
preparing the body for challenging situations through the "fight or flight"
response. It mobilizes energy and resources to confront or escape threats.
- Parasympathetic Branch: Works to reduce arousal and conserve energy once the
threat has passed, promoting relaxation and recovery. Its actions are slower,
aiming to restore the body to a state of calm and maintain homeostasis.
\.REID Technique - ANSWERS✔-The Reid Technique is a multi-step approach used
to elicit confessions, often relying on coercion to obtain false admissions. It
involves four main steps:
1. Trapping the suspect:
- Confronting the suspect with assertions of guilt.
- Falsely claiming to have damaging evidence.
- Interrupting statements of innocence and denial.
- Overcoming objections to the confession.
2. Befriending the suspect:
- Showing sympathy and understanding.
- Offering friendly advice.
- Providing face-saving explanations for the guilty action.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Stimulus motives - ANSWERS✔-Stimulus motives are innate drives for
exploration, curiosity, and sensory stimulation, like a baby's interest in new
objects or adults' love for puzzles, pushing engagement with the environment for
cognitive growth and mental well-being. They're crucial for learning and
adaptation, beyond survival needs.
\.Drive Reduction Theory - ANSWERS✔-Drive Reduction Theory posits that
behavior is motivated by the need to address an internal deficiency (need),
leading to a motivated state or bodily tension (drive), which in turn prompts
actions (response) directed towards a goal. Achieving this goal satisfies the need,
leading to need reduction and alleviating the drive. This cycle, rooted in biological
motives and psychological desires, aims to restore homeostasis by reducing bodily
tension through specific responses to innate needs.
Need —> Drive —> Response —> Goal —> Need Reduction
\.Hunger and the Lateral Hypothalamus - ANSWERS✔-Ghrelin signals hunger by
activating the lateral hypothalamus to release orexin, increasing hunger, as shown
in animal studies and bypass surgery outcomes. Conversely, when body fat
exceeds a set point, leptin from fat cells signals the ventromedial hypothalamus to
decrease orexin release, reducing hunger.
,\.Learned Motives - ANSWERS✔-Learned motives encompass desires beyond
basic needs, focusing on wants shaped by experiences, culture, and personal
growth, driving behavior towards personally and socially valued goals.
\.External Incentives - ANSWERS✔-External incentives, stimuli related to rewards
or punishments, shape learning by influencing drive strength and directing
behavior. Goals vary in their learned incentive value; those perceived as more
rewarding carry a higher incentive value, thereby enhancing drive strength and
motivating individuals towards these objectives.
\.Arousal Theory - ANSWERS✔-Arousal Theory suggests individuals are motivated
to maintain an optimal level of arousal through engaging in activities that satisfy
stimulus motives, balancing the need for stimulation with the desire to avoid
overstimulation.
\.Arousal Theory and Yerkes-Dodson Law - ANSWERS✔-Arousal Theory,
complemented by the Yerkes-Dodson Law, posits that performance improves with
increased arousal to a point, after which further arousal can hinder performance.
Optimal performance typically occurs at moderate arousal levels: too low arousal
leads to poor performance, while too high can impair performance, especially if
the task is complex.
\.Self- determination Theory - ANSWERS✔-Self-Determination Theory centers on
fulfilling three innate psychological needs essential for well-being and growth:
competence (feeling skilled and capable), autonomy (having a sense of control
and choice), and relatedness (feeling connected to others). Meeting these needs
fosters motivation, personal development, and psychological health.
,\.Intrinsic Motivation - ANSWERS✔-Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in
activities for internal satisfaction and personal rewards, without the need for
external incentives or outcomes. This form of motivation is driven by interest,
enjoyment, or a sense of challenge in the task itself.
\.Extrinsic Motivation - ANSWERS✔-Extrinsic motivation is driven by external
factors, such as rewards or punishments. To minimize reliance on extrinsic
motivation, guidelines suggest not rewarding behaviors that are intrinsically
motivating, offering external rewards only during the skill development phase,
and phasing out these rewards as soon as practical to encourage self-motivation
and internal satisfaction.
\.Four Aspects of Emotions - ANSWERS✔-The four aspects of emotions
encompass experience (how we subjectively feel emotions such as fear, anger,
sadness, disgust, joy/happiness), physiology (the bodily responses associated with
emotions), expression (the external manifestation of emotions through facial
expressions, body language, and vocal tones), and cognition (the thoughts and
interpretations that accompany and influence emotional experiences). These
components interact to form the complex experience of emotions in humans.
\.Two Dimensions - ANSWERS✔-Emotions can be understood through two
dimensions: arousal level, which ranges from low to high and reflects the intensity
of the emotional response, and valence, which indicates the emotional quality as
positive (pleasant) or negative (unpleasant). This framework helps in categorizing
emotions based on how energized and how positive or negative they are.
, \.Automatic Nervous System (ANS) - ANSWERS✔-The Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS) regulates involuntary body functions and consists of two branches:
- Sympathetic Branch: Activates during high arousal emotions like fear and anger,
preparing the body for challenging situations through the "fight or flight"
response. It mobilizes energy and resources to confront or escape threats.
- Parasympathetic Branch: Works to reduce arousal and conserve energy once the
threat has passed, promoting relaxation and recovery. Its actions are slower,
aiming to restore the body to a state of calm and maintain homeostasis.
\.REID Technique - ANSWERS✔-The Reid Technique is a multi-step approach used
to elicit confessions, often relying on coercion to obtain false admissions. It
involves four main steps:
1. Trapping the suspect:
- Confronting the suspect with assertions of guilt.
- Falsely claiming to have damaging evidence.
- Interrupting statements of innocence and denial.
- Overcoming objections to the confession.
2. Befriending the suspect:
- Showing sympathy and understanding.
- Offering friendly advice.
- Providing face-saving explanations for the guilty action.
