PSYC 1F90 (2ND SEMESTER) 346
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Social Psychology - ANSWERS✔-The study of how people behave in social
situations. Social sychology is responsible for the best and worst things humanity
has done.
\.Social Groups - ANSWERS✔-• They are groups that help us define who we are
• They give us roles to take on, and rules to follow
• One social group we are a part of is the fact that we're Brock students
• Other social groups include your gender, race, age, religion, mental health
status, etc.
\.Ingroups - ANSWERS✔-• They are groups that you personally identify with
\.Outgroups - ANSWERS✔-• Groups that you do not identify with
• People tend to see the negativity with groups they do not identify with
\.Social Roles - ANSWERS✔-• Expectations for how people who hold certain
positions in a group ought to behave
,\.Social Norms - ANSWERS✔-• A widely accepted standard of conduct for
appropriate behavior, unspoken agreements
\.Flyers Experiment - ANSWERS✔-• 1, 2, 4, and 8 pieces of litter on the ground
• The more litter on the ground, the more likely they were to throw their flyer on
the ground
• This proves how norms are so important to shaping our behavior
• We are a social species
\.Social Cognition - ANSWERS✔-• It is the process of thinking about ourselves and
other people in social contexts
\.Social Comparison - ANSWERS✔-• The process of evaluating our abilities,
achievements, and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people
\.Downward comparison - ANSWERS✔-• Comparing yourself with a person who
ranks lower than you on some dimension
• It protects our self-esteem
\.Upward comparison - ANSWERS✔-• Comparing yourself with a person who
ranks higher than you on some dimension
• It lowers our self-esteem and is motivating to do better
• It can be bad for your mental health, especially if you compare yourself to
someone who is essentially out of reach
,• Reasearch shows that role models are most motivating when the level of
achievement they have feels attainable
• The happiest people will compare themselves to their own internal standards
rather than looking to others
\.Attribution - ANSWERS✔-• A theory describing how we assign attributions for
other people's behavior
\.Dispositional Attribution - ANSWERS✔-Explaining a persons behavior as a
products of their personality
\.Situational Attribution - ANSWERS✔-Explaining a persons behavior as being the
product of their situation
\.Fundamental Attribution Error - ANSWERS✔-• The tendency to attribute the
behavior of others to dispositional causes, without regard for situational
influences
• We tend to explain other people's behaviors by their personality more than
their situation
• Humans are more dispositionalist
• The assumptions we make are not always correct
\.Actor Observer Bias - ANSWERS✔-• The tendency to make dispositional
attributions for the behaviour of others and situational attributions for our own
behavior
, \.Self-Serving Attributions - ANSWERS✔-• Positive outcome for self:
○ Explain it in terms of dispositional factors
• Negative outcome for self:
○ Explain it in terms of situational factors
\.Self-Handicapping - ANSWERS✔-• Placing obstacles in the way of your success to
protect your self-esteem from possible future failure
• Like partying the night before a test
\.Self-justification - ANSWERS✔-• We make stories to make us seem like a good
person in relation to our own behavior
\.Cognitive dissonance theory - ANSWERS✔-• The idea that people have a distaste
for perceiving inconsistency between their thoughts and behaviours
• Cognitive dissonance occurs when we hold two cognitions that are
psychologically inconsistent
• Dissonant thoughts cause psychological discomfort
• We try to reduce dissonance by making our cognitions more compatible
\.Reducing dissonance - ANSWERS✔-• Change behaviour —> Stop smoking
• Change the cognition —> Smoking doesn't cause cancer
• Add consonant thoughts —> Smoking reduces stress
• Changing the importance of the dissonant thoughts —> Smoking is cool
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Social Psychology - ANSWERS✔-The study of how people behave in social
situations. Social sychology is responsible for the best and worst things humanity
has done.
\.Social Groups - ANSWERS✔-• They are groups that help us define who we are
• They give us roles to take on, and rules to follow
• One social group we are a part of is the fact that we're Brock students
• Other social groups include your gender, race, age, religion, mental health
status, etc.
\.Ingroups - ANSWERS✔-• They are groups that you personally identify with
\.Outgroups - ANSWERS✔-• Groups that you do not identify with
• People tend to see the negativity with groups they do not identify with
\.Social Roles - ANSWERS✔-• Expectations for how people who hold certain
positions in a group ought to behave
,\.Social Norms - ANSWERS✔-• A widely accepted standard of conduct for
appropriate behavior, unspoken agreements
\.Flyers Experiment - ANSWERS✔-• 1, 2, 4, and 8 pieces of litter on the ground
• The more litter on the ground, the more likely they were to throw their flyer on
the ground
• This proves how norms are so important to shaping our behavior
• We are a social species
\.Social Cognition - ANSWERS✔-• It is the process of thinking about ourselves and
other people in social contexts
\.Social Comparison - ANSWERS✔-• The process of evaluating our abilities,
achievements, and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people
\.Downward comparison - ANSWERS✔-• Comparing yourself with a person who
ranks lower than you on some dimension
• It protects our self-esteem
\.Upward comparison - ANSWERS✔-• Comparing yourself with a person who
ranks higher than you on some dimension
• It lowers our self-esteem and is motivating to do better
• It can be bad for your mental health, especially if you compare yourself to
someone who is essentially out of reach
,• Reasearch shows that role models are most motivating when the level of
achievement they have feels attainable
• The happiest people will compare themselves to their own internal standards
rather than looking to others
\.Attribution - ANSWERS✔-• A theory describing how we assign attributions for
other people's behavior
\.Dispositional Attribution - ANSWERS✔-Explaining a persons behavior as a
products of their personality
\.Situational Attribution - ANSWERS✔-Explaining a persons behavior as being the
product of their situation
\.Fundamental Attribution Error - ANSWERS✔-• The tendency to attribute the
behavior of others to dispositional causes, without regard for situational
influences
• We tend to explain other people's behaviors by their personality more than
their situation
• Humans are more dispositionalist
• The assumptions we make are not always correct
\.Actor Observer Bias - ANSWERS✔-• The tendency to make dispositional
attributions for the behaviour of others and situational attributions for our own
behavior
, \.Self-Serving Attributions - ANSWERS✔-• Positive outcome for self:
○ Explain it in terms of dispositional factors
• Negative outcome for self:
○ Explain it in terms of situational factors
\.Self-Handicapping - ANSWERS✔-• Placing obstacles in the way of your success to
protect your self-esteem from possible future failure
• Like partying the night before a test
\.Self-justification - ANSWERS✔-• We make stories to make us seem like a good
person in relation to our own behavior
\.Cognitive dissonance theory - ANSWERS✔-• The idea that people have a distaste
for perceiving inconsistency between their thoughts and behaviours
• Cognitive dissonance occurs when we hold two cognitions that are
psychologically inconsistent
• Dissonant thoughts cause psychological discomfort
• We try to reduce dissonance by making our cognitions more compatible
\.Reducing dissonance - ANSWERS✔-• Change behaviour —> Stop smoking
• Change the cognition —> Smoking doesn't cause cancer
• Add consonant thoughts —> Smoking reduces stress
• Changing the importance of the dissonant thoughts —> Smoking is cool
