PHAR 464 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.What are the 5 error types? - ANSWERS✔-Comission
Omission
Communication
Context
Diagnostic
\.What is an Error in commisson? - ANSWERS✔-Too much or too little of a
hazardous treatment
\.What is an error of omission? - ANSWERS✔-Failure to administer treatment for a
diagnosis
\.What is an error of context? - ANSWERS✔-Failure to recognize context
\.What is an error of diagnostics - ANSWERS✔-Wrong, missed, or delayed
diagnosis
,\.With the swiss cheese model, what does it represent, what does each slice
represent, and what types of failures does to it attempt to shift toward? -
ANSWERS✔-Multidimensional nature of error
Slice = layer of defense
Shift from active (person's) failure to latent (system) failure blame.
\.What is just culture? - ANSWERS✔-Front line is not punished, but negligence and
purposeful acts of harm are punished.
\.What are the two human errors of execution? - ANSWERS✔-attention-based slip
memory-based lapse
\.What are the two human errors of thinking (action goes as planned but it is the
wrong action). Describe them - ANSWERS✔-Rule-based mistake - Omission of a
rule
Knowledge-based mistake - mistake due to lack of knowledge
\.What is at-risk behavior and how do we approach it? - ANSWERS✔-Behavioral
choice that increeases risk where risk is not recognized or mistakenly believed to
be justified.
Must coach it
\.What are three actions of coaching - ANSWERS✔-Remove incentive to do the
action
Create incentives for safe actions
, Increase mindfulness
\.What are the two types of behaviors that are behavioral choices? - ANSWERS✔-
At-risk behavior and recklessness
\.In human cognition, there is automatic thinking and controlled thinking. What
categories fall under controlled? - ANSWERS✔-Rule application and Heuristics &
Bias
\.What is used to apply similar patterns/information to fill in knowledge gaps? -
ANSWERS✔-heuristics
\.What is an availability heuristic - ANSWERS✔-decision influenced by how easy
something is brought to mind
\.What is a base-rate heuristic - ANSWERS✔-Decision based on probability
\.What is a representativeness heuristic - ANSWERS✔-comparing information with
mental prototypes
\.What is an anchoring heuristic? - ANSWERS✔-Sticking to initial assumptions
\.In attention for the memory process, what three categories are barriers to
attention. Give an example of each as well. - ANSWERS✔-System - Distraction,
climate
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.What are the 5 error types? - ANSWERS✔-Comission
Omission
Communication
Context
Diagnostic
\.What is an Error in commisson? - ANSWERS✔-Too much or too little of a
hazardous treatment
\.What is an error of omission? - ANSWERS✔-Failure to administer treatment for a
diagnosis
\.What is an error of context? - ANSWERS✔-Failure to recognize context
\.What is an error of diagnostics - ANSWERS✔-Wrong, missed, or delayed
diagnosis
,\.With the swiss cheese model, what does it represent, what does each slice
represent, and what types of failures does to it attempt to shift toward? -
ANSWERS✔-Multidimensional nature of error
Slice = layer of defense
Shift from active (person's) failure to latent (system) failure blame.
\.What is just culture? - ANSWERS✔-Front line is not punished, but negligence and
purposeful acts of harm are punished.
\.What are the two human errors of execution? - ANSWERS✔-attention-based slip
memory-based lapse
\.What are the two human errors of thinking (action goes as planned but it is the
wrong action). Describe them - ANSWERS✔-Rule-based mistake - Omission of a
rule
Knowledge-based mistake - mistake due to lack of knowledge
\.What is at-risk behavior and how do we approach it? - ANSWERS✔-Behavioral
choice that increeases risk where risk is not recognized or mistakenly believed to
be justified.
Must coach it
\.What are three actions of coaching - ANSWERS✔-Remove incentive to do the
action
Create incentives for safe actions
, Increase mindfulness
\.What are the two types of behaviors that are behavioral choices? - ANSWERS✔-
At-risk behavior and recklessness
\.In human cognition, there is automatic thinking and controlled thinking. What
categories fall under controlled? - ANSWERS✔-Rule application and Heuristics &
Bias
\.What is used to apply similar patterns/information to fill in knowledge gaps? -
ANSWERS✔-heuristics
\.What is an availability heuristic - ANSWERS✔-decision influenced by how easy
something is brought to mind
\.What is a base-rate heuristic - ANSWERS✔-Decision based on probability
\.What is a representativeness heuristic - ANSWERS✔-comparing information with
mental prototypes
\.What is an anchoring heuristic? - ANSWERS✔-Sticking to initial assumptions
\.In attention for the memory process, what three categories are barriers to
attention. Give an example of each as well. - ANSWERS✔-System - Distraction,
climate
