CSCC PSY 1100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

CSCC PSY 1100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Memory - Answers the process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present Case Study: Clive Wearing - Answers - worst case of amnesia ever known - less than 30 seconds of memory; only recognizes wife - Destroyed parts of his temporal lobe Encoding - Answers entering information into memory Storage - Answers returning information in memory Retrieval - Answers pulling information out of memory Consolidation - Answers The neural process by which encoded information becomes stored in memory 3 Limiting Capacity's of Memory - Answers -Limited space -Limited resources -Limited time Sensory information - Answers Retention, for brief periods of time short-term memory (STM) - Answers Stores small amounts of information for a brief duration. Includes both: New information and recalled from LTM Chunking - Answers small units can be combined into larger meaningful units long-term memory (LTM) - Answers the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently explicit episodic memory - Answers Type of Long term memory consisting of personal experiences explicit semantic memory - Answers Type of long term memory consisting of facts, word meanings, and other general information implicit memory - Answers Type of long term memory of which one is not consciously aware. Like how to perform tasks that are done automatically Flashbulb Memory - Answers A type of episodic memory that is distinctively clear and vivid of emotionally caused and novel event. Retrieval - Answers Process of transferring information from LTM back into STM Recall - Answers Type of retrieval where stored information is accessed without any comparison to external information recognition - Answers Type of retrieval where stored information is compared to external information to determine if it matters encoding specificity - Answers Retrieval can be increased by matching the conditions of retrieval to the conditions that existed of encoding Baddeley's "diving" experiment - Answers Recall task to study the correlation of encoding specificity serial position effect - Answers -performed by Murdoch (1962) -read a list of words to participants -as participants to recall as many words as possible Primary effect - Answers Better recall for stimuli presented at the beginning of the list Recency Effect - Answers Better recall for stimuli presented at the end of the List maintenance rehearsal - Answers A system for remembering involving repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it. -Less likely to transfer to LTM elaborative rehearsal - Answers Transfer Information to LTM Depth of Processing - Answers Memory depends on how information is encoded and how deeply the information is processed shallow processing - Answers little attention to meaning (poor memory) deep processing - Answers close attention to meaning (good memory) massed practice - Answers Studying that is done less frequent, but for long periods of time (cramming) Distributed Practice - Answers A more spaced out method, where you study in intervals over time. Spacing Effect - Answers the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice Hindsight Bias - Answers Common tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they actually were repressed memories - Answers memories that have been unconsciously blocked due to the memory being associated with a high level of stress or trauma Motivated Forgetting - Answers the idea that people can block out, or forget, upsetting or traumatic memories, because there is a motivation to do so Cognition - Answers What the brain does with information, Including understanding it, organizing it, and analyzing it. Concept - Answers A mental representation of a category of similar things, actions, or people. Prototype - Answers A way of thinking about concepts, the most typical or best example within a concept Exemplars - Answers A way of thinking about concepts, all members of a category are examples. Together they form the concept and determine category membership. Decision Making - Answers using cognition to choose between available options Problem Solving - Answers using cognition to find a way to achieve a goal Normative Decision Theories - Answers attempts to define how people should make decisions Descriptive decision theories - Answers attempts to predict how people actually make choices Algorithms - Answers A formula-like method that will always yield the correct answer Heuristics - Answers Shortcuts used to reduce the amount of thinking that is needed to make a decision Prospect Theory (Kahneman and Tversky) - Answers -Descriptive Theory -Aims to account for the irrational aspects of decision making -Aims to identify heuristics that are used representativeness heuristic - Answers used when making judgments about the probability of an event under uncertainty Confirmation Bias - Answers Tendency to selectively look for information that conforms to our hypothesis and overlook information that argues against it. Lord et al. (1979) - Answers -Had those in favor of capital punishment and those against it read the same article -Those in favor found the article convincing -Those against found the article unconvincing Availability heuristic - Answers events that are more easily remembered are judged to be more probable than events that are less easily remembered anchoring heuristic - Answers An educated guess in which the starting point has a strong influence on the conclusion that is ultimately reached. affect heuristic - Answers An educated guess in which the worth of something is strongly influenced by how a person feels toward it. affective forecasting - Answers Predicting how a person will feel about the outcomes of his or her decisions. framing effect - Answers The tendency to emphasize the potential los or potential gains from at least one alternative Mental Sets - Answers problem solving strategies that have worked in the past Restructuring - Answers a new way of thinking about a problem that aids its solution Functional Fixedness - Answers restricting use of an object to its familiar functions Insight - Answers The sudden realization of a solution to a problem Language - Answers The ability to communicate with others using symbols combined and arranged according to rules Skinner theory of language is based on what - Answers operant conditioning Chomsky argued kids what - Answers do not only learn language through imitation and reinforcement Nativist Theory - Answers a theory of language development that says the ability to use language is inborn language acquisition device - Answers A specific capacity within a person's brain that provides the ability to use language Universal Grammer - Answers Grammatical rules that underlie all languages Formalist Theory - Answers Kids learn language through the process of hearing other speak it Social-Pragmatic Theory - Answers suggests that a child's use of language develops from a desire to interact socially Parentese - Answers High-pitched style in which parents speak to their children Babbling (6-11 months - Answers baby vocalizes a wide variety of norwood sounds