JBLEARNING PARAMEDIC QUESTIONS PART 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

JBLEARNING PARAMEDIC QUESTIONS PART 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Which of the following would MOST likely allow you to reach the status of entry-level competence? a) functioning for at least 2 years in the field b) Passing the state or national paramedic exam c) interning with an experienced preceptor d) studying didactic material at least 2 hours per week - Answers c) interning with an experienced preceptor which of the following is NOT a major component of the hematologic system? a) bone marrow b) liver c) spleen d) pancreas - Answers d) pancreas You are dispatched to a grocery store for a woman with severe abdominal pain. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on her side in the manager's office. She is confused, is diaphoretic, and appears to be bleeding from her vagina. Her blood pressure is low, and her pulse and respiratory rates are elevated. You should: a) administer 100% oxygen, elevate her legs to 12 to 18 inches, keep her warm, establish vascular access and give a 500-mL fluid bolus, reassess her blood pressure, and transport at once with continuous monitoring en route to the hospital b) immediately place her in supine position, firmly massage her uterine fundus to control the bleeding, establish two large-bore IV lines and run them wide open, transport at once, and apply high-flow oxygen en route to the hospital c) apply high-flow oxygen, visually inspect her vagina and cover it with sterile dressings, keep her warm, begin transport, establi - Answers c) apply high-flow oxygen, visually inspect her vagina and cover it with sterile dressings, keep her warm, begin transport, establish at least one large-bore IV en route, and administer enough crystalloid fluid to maintain radial pulses Common signs of impending respiratory failure in infants and children include: a) abdominal breathing and a pulse rate less than 120 beats per minute b) marked agitation and tachycardia with ectopic ventricular complexes c) tachypnea and hypernea with nasal flaring and prominent retractions d) a falling oxygen saturation despite high-flow oxygen administration - Answers d) a falling oxygen saturation despite high-flow oxygen administration In contrast to toxic ingestions in toddlers, toxic ingestions in adolescents: a) typically involve multiple agents b) involve small quantities of a single agen c) are usually unintentional. d) are associated with lower mortality - Answers which of the following roles would the code team leader MOST likely perform? a) establishing IV access b) chest compressions c) managing the airway d) interpreting the ECG - Answers d) interpreting the ECG Within a few days after having a miscarriage, a 33-year-old woman presents with malaise, fever, constipation, and pelvic pain. Her blood pressure is 124/84 mm Hg, pulse rate is 104 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should be MOST suspicious for: a) acute cystitis b) pelvic inflammatory disease c) endometritis d) a rupture ovarian cyst - Answers c) endometritis air splints will not apply enough pressure to control arterial bleeding until the patient's systolic BP is: a) 60 mm Hg b) 50 mm Hg c) 40 mm Hg d) 30 mm Hg - Answers a) 60 mm Hg a 6-year-old, 40-pound child remains in ventricular fibrillation after an initial defibrillation and 2 minutes of CPR. Vascular access has not been obtained. Your next action should be to: a) insert an IO catheter b) insert an advanced airway c) defibrillate with 70 joules d) check for a carotid pulse - Answers c) defibrillate with 70 joules after 50 years of age, there is an increase in urinary tract infections in men because: a) the urethra is obstructed by the prostate b) diabetes is most common after 50 years of age c) normal bacterial flora enter the urethra d) renal function markedly declines after the 50 years of age - Answers You are treating a 20-year-old man with a large laceration involving the brachial artery. The patient is confused, is pale, and has weak peripheral pulses. Your initial attempts to control the bleeding have failed. You should a) administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and apply a proximal tourniquet and establish vascular access en route. b) apply a proximal tourniquet, administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and establish vascular access en route. c) control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal pressure point, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport d) administer high-flow oxygen, establish vascular access at the scene, transport, and apply a proximal tourniquet en route. - Answers b) apply a proximal tourniquet, administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and establish vascular access en route. Rubella is characterized by: A. a low-grade fever. B. abdominal discomfort. C. visual disturbances. D. an isolated facial rash. - Answers a) a low-grade fever Rubella is characterized by: A. enlarged lymph nodes B. abdominal discomfort. C. visual disturbances. D. an isolated facial rash. - Answers a) enlarged lymph nodes which of the following statements regarding autism is correct? a) you should expect that a patient with autism will respond favorably to physical contact. b) some patients with autism are able to easily solve complex c) the vast majority of patients with autism are mute and have an IQ of less than 20. d) common causes of autism include traumatic brain injury and severe emotional trauma - Answers The dome-shaped top of the uterus is called the: a) os b) body c) cervix d) fundus - Answers d) fundus Most children begin to develop stranger anxiety between ___ and ___ months of age. a) 12, 18 b) 18, 24 c) 6, 12 d) 3, 6 - Answers c) 6, 12 the MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is: a) whether the bleeding is internal or external b) the patient's pulse rate at the time of the injury c) whether the bleeding is venous or arterial d) the period of time over which the blood is lost - Answers d) the period of time over which the blood is lost You are caring for a 33-year-old woman who is 35 weeks pregnant and fell down a flight of stairs. Full spinal precautions have been taken, the patient is receiving high-flow oxygen, and a patent IV line is in place. During transport, you reassess her and note that she has become diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. You should: a) reassess her blood pressure b) cover her with warm blankets c) administer a rapid fluid bolus d) tilt the backboard to the left side - Answers d) tilt the backboard to the left side what physiologic effect of anaphylactic shock is seen MOST commonly in patients with neurogenic shock? a) profound tachycardia b) widespread vasodilation c) decreased cardiac contractility d) fluid leakage into the tissues - Answers a middle-aged male who received a kidney transplant called EMS because he was not feeling well. Which of the following assessment findings is MOST suggestive of organ rejection? a) blood in the urine, diffuse abdominal pain, and hypothermia b) bilateral flank pain that radiates to both shoulders and scapulae c) fever with swelling and tenderness over the implanted kidney d) excessive urine output, shortness of breath, and a diffuse rash - Answers A middle-aged male who received a kidney transplat called EMS because he was not feeling well. Which of the following findings is MOST suggestive of organ rejection? a) blood in the urine, diffuse abdominal pain, and hypothermia b) bilateral flank pain that radiates to both shoulders and scapulae c) fever with swelling and tenderness over the implanted kidney d) excessive urine output, shortness of breath, and a diffuse rash - Answers c) fever with swelling and tenderness over the implanted kidney You are assessing a patient and discover that she has a ventricular assist device because of severe left heart failure. In this case, the device is MOST likely connected to the: a) right ventricle b) left atrium c) left ventricle d) right atrium - Answers c) left ventricle Thermoregulation is a function of the: a) diencephalon b) posterior pituitary gland c) peripheral vasculature d) anterior hypothalamus - Answers d) anterior hypothalamus Following the administration of haloperidol, your patient's body becomes rigid and he is extremely restless. What should you suspect? a) Long QT syndrom b) Extrapyramidal reaction c) Drug-induced catatonia d) Allergic reaction - Answers b) Extrapyramidal reaction Which of the following regarding pyelonephritis is correct? a) In pyelonephritis, the ureters become inflamed and infected b) Untreated pyelonephritis typically heals spontaneously c) Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the lining of the kidney d) Most cases of pyelonephritis occur in the lower urinary tract - Answers c) Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the lining of the kidney During the attempted resuscitation of a patient in cardiac arrest, you look at the cardiac monitor and note that the patient's end-tidal CO2 has abruptly increased from 17 mm Hg to 40 mm Hg. You should: a) increase the rate of your ventilations b) assess for a pulse for up to 10 seconds c) suspect inadvertent tube dislodgement d) decrease the rate of your ventilations - Answers b) assess for a pulse for up to 10 seconds. What forms of child maltreatment are often difficult to identify and may go unreported? A) Sexual and emotional abuse B) Emotional abuse and neglect C) Neglect and physical abuse D) Physical and emotional abuse - Answers B) Emotional abuse and neglect You respond to a residence where an infant's apnea monitor has alarmed several times within the last 30 minutes. When you assess the infant, you note that she is alert, she has strong peripheral pulses, and her skin is pink, warm, and dry. You should: a) expect that her oxygen saturation will be below 90% b) transport the infant and monitor her breathing en route c) administer blow-by oxygen to the infant and reassess her d) advise the parents to contact the apnea monitor manufacturer - Answers b) transport the infant and monitor her breathing en route. You are dispatched to a residence for a 34-year-old woman who is "sick." Upon your arrival, the patient greets you at the door. She tells you that she began experiencing a dull aching pain in the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. She further states that she recently had her menstrual period, which was accompanied by more pain than usual. Her vital signs are stable, she is conscious and alert, and she denies vaginal bleeding or fever. This patient MOST likely has: a) an ectopic pregnancy b) a ruptured ovarian cyst c) pelvic inflammatory disease d) a tubo-ovarian abscess - Answers b) a ruptured ovarian cyst. Which of the following clinical signs or symptoms are MOST indicative of upper airway swelling in a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction? a) chest tightness and dyspnea b) crackles and wheezing c) hoarseness and stridor d) facial edema and coughing - Answers c) hoarseness and stridor In addition to meeting the metabolic needs of the developing fetus, the mother's blood supply increases significantly in order to perfuse her own organs, especially the: a) central nervous system b) liver and pancreas c) uterus and kidneys d) heart and lungs - Answers c) uterus and kidneys after approximately 6 minutes of attempted resuscitation, your patient experiences a return of spontaneous circulation. He remains unresponsive and apneic, and the cardiac monitor reveals sinus bradycardia at 30 beats per minute. In addition to continuing ventilations, what should be done next? a) amiodarone infusion b) lidocaine bolus c) transcutaneous pacing d) crystalloid fluid bolus - Answers c) transcutaneous pacing a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis experiences polydipsia as a result of: a) hyperglycemia b) inefficient nutrient utilization c) metabolic acidosis d) dehydration - Answers d) dehydration when caring for a patient who is experiencing a panic attack: a) beta blockers are typically used to control tachycardia b) you should move the patient to the ambulance quickly c) a benzodiazepine should be administered as soon as possible d) your manner must convey that everything is under control - Answers d) your manner must convey that everything is under control You have an impedance threshold device (ITD) attached to the endotracheal tube as you ventilate an apneic and pulseless patient. Following defibrillation and 2 additional minutes of CPR, it is determined that return of spontaneous circulation has occurred. However, the patient is still apneic. You should: a) remove the ITD and continue ventilations at a rate of 10 to 12 breaths/min b) leave the ITD attached to the endotracheal tube and continue to ventilate c) hyperventilate the patient to eliminate excess carbon dioxide from the blood d) leave the ITD attached, but increase your ventilation rate to 15 breaths/min - Answers a) remove the ITD and continue ventilations at a rate of 10 to 12 breaths/min the MOST important aspect of assessing a patient with a genitourinary emergency is to: a) detect and treat life-threatening conditions b) perform and immediate secondary assessment c) determine if the patient requires narcotics analgesia d) rapidly determine the cause of the emergency - Answers a) detect and treat life-threatening conditions Side effects of MAOI antidepressants include: a) hypersomnia b) acute bradycardia c) orthostatic hypotension d) suicidal behavior - Answers c) orthostatic hypotension You are assessing a middle-aged woman who is acutely disoriented. According to her husband, she has bipolar disorder and, to the best of his knowledge, has been compliant with her medication. Her blood pressure is 106/66 mm Hg, pulse rate is 100 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 14 breaths/min and regular. During your care of this patient, it is MOST important to: a) establish vascular access and administer naloxone b) ask her simple questions that can be answered yes or no c) assess her oxygen saturation and blood glucose level d) attempt to assist her breathing with a bag-mask device - Answers c) assess her oxygen saturation and blood glucose level. Most injuries in pediatric patients: a) occur due to gross caregiver negligence b) involve trauma to the chest and spine c) can be totally eliminated with training d) are predictable and preventable events - Answers d) are predictable and preventable events. Most urinary tract infections: a) are the result of viruses or fungi entering the external urethral opening secondary to poor personal hygiene b) are asymptomatic and are diagnosed when a urinalysis is performed during a routine physical exam c) occur in women due to the relatively short urethra and its close proximity to the vagina and rectum d) involve the lower urinary tract in males because the urethra's large surface area can house more bacteria - Answers c) occur in women due to the relatively short urethra and its close proximity to the vagina and rectum. Virulence is defined as the: a) amount of time that it takes for an organism to infect the host. b) ability of an organism to invade and create disease in a host. c) degree of difficulty that it takes to destroy an organism, d) severity of infection once an organism enter the body. - Answers b) ability of an organism to invade and create disease in a host. A patient who is confused: a) can usually be redirected by providing emotional support b) should be give 50% destrose to rule out hypoglycemia c) cannot recall the events that preceded his or her illness d) has an impaired understanding of his or her surroundings - Answers d) has an impaired understanding of his or her surroundings Abortion is defined as expulsion of the fetus, from any cause, before the ____ week of pregnancy. a) 30th b) 24th c) 18th d) 20th - Answers d) 20th In contrast to a child with pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure, the respirations of a hypercarbic child without pulmonary edema would MOST likely be: a) bradypneic with periods of marked apnea b) tachypneic and without retractions c) slow with increased work of breathing d) rapid with audible rhonchi - Answers b) tachypneic and without retractions the blood pressure of an infant or child can be maintained with blood loss of up to: a) 45% to 50% b) 50% to 55% c) 35% to 40% d) 40% to 45% - Answers c) 35% to 40% A poison is a substance that is: a) that is damaging to the tissues and cells, especially if infected or taken in large quantities b) that is capable of making a person ill, at a minimum, and has a great chance of causing death c) who chemical action could damage structures or impair function, even in small amounts d) that is legal or illegal, and has the potential of causing permanent damage if it is ingested. - Answers which of the following types of shock is caused by poor vessel function? a) hemorrhagic b) anaphylactic c) cardiogenic d) hypovolemic - Answers Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct? A. Lightning strikes may cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve. B. The tissue damage pathway caused by lightning usually occurs through the skin. C. Victims who are struck by lightning often experience severe full-thickness burns. D. Cervical spine fractures are the most common cause of lightning-related deaths. - Answers A. Lightning strikes may cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve. Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct? a) following a lightning strike, the person experiences apnea that typically resolves spontaneously b) the lichtenberg figure caused by a lightning strike is a full-thickness burn that resembles a fern c) most lightning-related injuries occur when the person is standing near an object that is struck d) ventricular fibrillation is the most common dysrhythmia seen following a lightning strike - Answers the majority of the circulating white blood cells are: a) neutrophil b) lymphocyte c) leukocyte d) eosinophil - Answers a) neutrophil which of the following is a normal response of the body to hypoperfusion? a) vasodilation causes increased blood flow to the kidneys b) sodium and water are excreted to maintain the blood's pH c) antidiuretic hormone is released by the pituitary gland d) peripheral vasoconstriction preserves blood flow to the skin - Answers The egg is referred to as blastocyst when: a) the placenta has fully formed and has attached to the superior part of the uterus b) it has been fertilized and enters the uterus and begins absorbing uterine fluid through the cell membrane c) it becomes fertilized with sperm in the lower part of the fallopian tube d) the amniotic sac and placenta begin to differentiate into their specialized duties - Answers A 29-year-old female was diagnosed with cystitis, but never had her antibiotic prescription filled. She presents today with fever, chills, and vomiting. What should you suspect? a) bacterial vaginitis b) ruptured ovarian cyst c) pelvic inflammatory disease d) pyelonephritis - Answers The primary treatment for hypotension secondary to anaphylaxis is: a) isotonic crystalloid b) epinephrine c) a dopamine infusion d) diphendydramine - Answers the basal metabolic rate is MOST accurately defined as: a) the expenditure of heat energy during strenuous exertion or exercise b) the balance between heat production and heat elimination from the body c) a constant fluctuation in core body temperature to maintain homeostasis d) the heat energy produced at rest from normal body metabolic reactions. - Answers which of the following is a potentially life threatening complication of missing one or more dialysis treatments? a) hyperkalemia b) peripheral edema c) hypocalcemia d) uremic frost - Answers a) hyperkalemia You have administered the appropriate dose of epinephrine to a patient with a severe allergic reaction. Reassessment reveals that the patient's condition has improved markedly. The patient, who has a history of coronary artery disease, is receiving high-flow oxygen and is on a cardiac monitor. You should next: a) Transport at once, monitor airway and breathing en route, and administer up to 50 mg of Benadryl IV or IM. b) start an epinephrine infusion, administer Benadryl IV or IM, and transport without delay c) administer a half dose of epinephrine, begin transport, and give the patient Solu-Medrol en route. d) transport immediately, monitor the patient's blood pressure en route, and give IV fluid boluses if symptoms recur. - Answers a) Transport at once, monitor airway and breathing en route, and administer up to 50 mg of Benadryl IV or IM. You have been attempting resuscitation of an 80-year-old woman for approximately 15 minutes. An advanced airway has been placed, ventilations have been delivered at the appropriate rate, high-quality CPR was performed with minimal interruptions, and rhythms-specific medications were administered. Despite your efforts, the patient remains in asystole. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct? a) trancutaneous cardiac pacing may restore a perfusing rhythm and should therefore be attempted immediately b) you have clearly performed all the appropriate interventions and termination of resuscitative efforts should be strongly considered c) since older people are prone to hypothermia, and hypothermia protects the hypoxic brain, you should continue your efforts for 5 more minutes d) It would be advisable to attempt a single defibrillation in case the patient was actually in fine ventricular fibri - Answers b) You have clearly performed all the appropriate interventions and termination of resuscitative efforts should be strongly considered. Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is correct? a) a breech birth is characterized by a vertex position of the baby b) most breech presentations are associated with a legs-first delivery c) breech presentations are frequently accompanied by a nuchal cord d) breech presentations are more common with premature births. - Answers A patient remains in pulseless ventricular tachycardia despite two shocks, a dose of epinephrine, high-quality CPR, and 300 mg of amiodarone. Following the next shock, you should resume CPR and then: a) administer 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine b) cardiovert with 100 biphasic joules c) double the dose of the epinephrine d) administer 150 mg of amiodarone - Answers d) administer 150 mg of amiodarone External bleeding would be the MOST difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the _____ and a blood pressure of ______ mm Hg. a) brachial artery, 68/46 b) carotic artery, 100/70 c) femoral vein, 114/60 d) jugular vein, 96/62 - Answers Which of the following conditions, if it remains undetected until puberty, can result in acute pain, severe constipation, and low back pain at the onset of menses? a) ectopic pregnancy b) endometriosis c) ovarian cyst d) imperforate hymen - Answers Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n): a) inadequate insulin secretion, which leads to increased circulating blood glucose levels. b) a decrease in circulating insulin levels, which results in a drop in serum blood sugar levels. c) a metabolic disorder in which the body's ability to metabolize simple carbohydrates is impaired d) an endocrine disorder in which the liver is unable to produce and store adequate amounts of glycogen - Answers c) a metabolic disorder in which the body's ability to metabolize simple carbohydrates is impaired. Definitive treatments for a patient with end-stage renal disease involves: a) kidney transplant b) diuretic therapy c) crystalloid fluids d) inotropic drugs - Answers a) kidney transplant the mean arterial pressure must be greater than or equal to _____ mm Hg to ensure that the brain, coronary arteries, and kidneys remained perfused. a) 50 b) 70 c) 80 d) 60 - Answers After administering glucagon to child with hypoglycemia, you should: a) insert a nasopharyngeal airway b) position the child on his or her side c) obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram d) administer a 100ml fluid bolus. - Answers Unlike the prenatal period, the gestational period: A) begins at conception. B) only last about 2 weeks. C) usually takes 42 weeks. D) is 38 weeks in duration. - Answers What is the MOST common cardiac disorder associated with lupus? a) pericarditis b) valvular heart disease c) endocarditis d) pericardial effusion - Answers Approximately one third of the body's platelets: a) have a life span of 72 hours b) are stored in the spleen c) circulate in the bloodstream d) are produced by the liver - Answers uterine rupture MOST commonly occurs: a) after the placenta delivers b) during the third trimester c) in primiparous women d) during active labor - Answers When dispatched to a residence for an injury involving a pregnant woman, you should: a) contact medical control b) quickly access the patient c) be alert for evidence of abuse d) request a backup ambulance - Answers the alpha-adrenergic effects of epinephrine produce: a) decreased chronotropy b) bronchodilation c) vasoconstriction d) increased inotropy - Answers c) vasoconstriction A deeply frostbitten extremity: a) is typically bright red and painful b) is cold, hard, and without sensation c) requires amputation due to gangrene d) usually heals well with rewarming - Answers b) is cold, hard, and without sensation Considering the physiologic changes that occur with age, which of the following interventions would pose the GREATEST potential for further harm when caring for an elderly patient with a severe burn that is complicated by a spinal injury? a) thermal management b) intubation c) fluid replacement d) spinal immobilization - Answers c) fluid replacement You are transferring a 60-year-old man with COPD from a community hospital to a metropolitan hospital. The patient is mildly dyspneic, but is otherwise stable. He is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula, has an IV line of normal saline in place, and has an ECG applied. When reading his chart, you note that he has polycythemia, a history of a prior stroke, and hypertension. The patient tells you that he feels a fluttering sensation in his chest. You glance at the cardiac monitor and see a narrow complex tachycardia at a rate of 160 beats/min. The patient's blood pressure is 116/70 mm Hg and he remains conscious and alert. You should: a) ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administer 6 mg of adenosine, and reassess his cardiac rhythm b) administer 5 mg of midazolam, perform synchronized cardioversion with 50 joules, and reassess his cardiac rhythm c) place the patient supine, elevate his legs 6 to 12 inches, an - Answers Systemic lupus erythematosus is disease caused by: a) excessive IgE antibody production b) a marked deficiency of neutrophils c) primary immune system failure d) a multisystem autoimmune disorder - Answers What is the approximate total blood volume of a 150-pound male? a) 6.2 L b) 5.1 L c) 6.5 L d) 4.8 L - Answers During a dialysis treatment, a 39-year-old man presents with a sudden onset of dyspnea and cyanosis. You should: a) position him on his side b) administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask c) start an IV and administer a 20 mL/kh fluid bolus d) disconnect him from the dialysis machine - Answers In addition to your transport time to the hospital, prehospital treatment of a frostbitten body part is MAINLY dependent upon: a) whether the affected part has been partially or completely thawed prior to your arrival b) the estimated length of exposure to the cold environment and the potential for other injuries c) the patient's core body temperature and blood pressure at the time of initial patient contact d) the percentage of the body surface affected and the patient's general underlying health. - Answers A 30-year-old woman complains of an "achy" pain to both lower abdominal quadrants, which she states is made worse by walking. She further tells you that she recently finished her menstrual period. She has a fever of 101.9°F. Her blood pressure is 122/62 mm Hg, pulse rate is 84 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 14 breaths/min and unlabored. After gathering the rest of her medical history, you should: a) provide emotional support, make her as comfortable as possible, and safely transport her to an appropriate hospital. b) establish vascular access and give her a 250mL normal saline bolus, consider analgesia for her pain, and transport c) visually inspect her vagina for bleeding or discharge, start an IV line and set it to keep the vein open, and transport d) advise her that she can probably go to the hospital via personal vehicle since she is not showing signs of shock - Answers a) provide emotional support, make her as comfortable as possible, and safely transport her to an appropriate hospital. In males, infection with Chlamydia trachomatis would MOST likely lead to: A. prostatitis. B. hepatitis. C. testicular torsion. D. bladder cancer. - Answers A. prostatitis. An unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless man presents with a regular rhythm on the cardiac monitor. In addition to information regarding the events that led to his arrest, which of the following assessment findings would cause you to suspect that cardiac tamponade is the underlying cause of his condition? a) No pulse with CPR and jugular venous distention b) Unilaterally absent breath sounds and mottled skin c) profoundly cyanotic skin and collapsed jugular veins d) bilaterally absent breath sounds and severe pallor - Answers a) No pulse with CPR and jugular venous distention Which of the following statements regarding leukotrienes is correct? a) in contrast to histamine, leukotrienes are less potent chemicals and do not cause vasodilation b) leukotrienes compound the physiologic effects of histamine and cause additional bronchoconstriction c) leukotriene release stimulates the release of histamine, which increases the severity of the allergic response d) leukotrienes attempt to mitigate the negative effects of histamine by causing coronary vasodilation - Answers an unresponsive patient with signs of anaphylactic shock: a) indicates cerebral hypoxia and hypercarbia b) is often unable to be intubated successfully c) needs hyperventilation with a bag-mask device d) requires immediate antihistamine therapy - Answers You are in the process of assisting a woman in labor. She is 38 weeks pregnant with her second child, and her contractions are 3 minutes apart and are strong and regular. Her first baby was delivered by cesarean section. As you prepare for imminent delivery, the woman tells you that her contractions have decreased significantly and that she is very dizzy. Assessment of her vaginal area reveals moderate vaginal bleeding. You quickly assess her and note that she is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should be MOST suspicious for: a) abruptio placenta b) threatened abortion c) uterine rupture d) placenta previa - Answers c) uterine rupture. when attempting to resuscitate a patient in cardiac arrest, which of the following questions would you pose if you suspect that the patient is hyperkalemic? a) "Is this patient a know diabetic?" b) "has this patient had vomiting or diarrhea? c) "does this patient undergo dialysis?" d) "does this patient take blood thinners?" - Answers In contrast to primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insuffiency is caused by: a) decreased cortisol secretion to a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the pituitary gland b) acute hypertension and overhydration due to excess sodium reabsorption c) idiopathic atrophy of both of the adrenal glands that results in a deficiency of all the steroid hormones they secrete. d) adrenal gland destruction caused by tuberlosis; viral, bacterial, or fungal infections; or cancer of the adrenal gland - Answers a) decreased cortisol secretion to a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the pituitary gland a person taking a beta-blocker is at an increased risk for a heat-related illness secondary to: a) an increased metabolic rate b) lessened tachycardic response c) hypothalamic suppression d) lowering of the blood pressure - Answers a) an increased metabolic rate which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with thyroxicosis? a) apathy, hypoglycemia, abdominal pain, and an irregular pulse b) obesity, cool skin, severe hypotension, and respiratory distress c) severe tachycardia, fever, nausea and vomiting, and confusion d) profound bradycardia, hypothermia, and respiratory depression - Answers The tissues of the central nervous system: a) can only survive for about an hour without glucose b) are able to store glucose and use just what is needed c) depend entirely on glucose as their source of energy d) can metabolize fat and proteins to make energy - Answers Which of the following conditions has been associated with death following exposure to a TASER device? a) rhadomyolosis b) electrocution injury c) spinal cord injury d) excited delirium - Answers The recommended fluid resuscitation of a patient in shock and no evidence of traumatic brain injury of: a) 1 liter, repeated 1 time; maintain a systolic BP of 100 mm Hg b) 20 mL/kg, repeat as needed; maintain a systolic BP of 100 mm Hg c) 500 mL, up to 4 times; maintain a systolic BP of 70 to 80 mm Hg d) 250 mL, up to 4 times; maintain a systolic BP of 80 to 90 mm Hg. - Answers While assessing a patient, you ask the patient's wife, "Ma'am, has your husband every been hospitalized?" The patient then states, "Ma'am, has you husband every been hospitalized?" This is an example of: a) circumstantial thinking b) confabulation c) echolalia d) a neologism - Answers which of the following diseases is bacterial in nature, has an insidious onset, and is characterized by a cough that progresses to coughing spasms? a) diphtheria b) tetanus c) bronchitis d) pertussis - Answers Which of the following behaviors or actions should make you the MOST suspicious that a caregiver has abused his or her child? a) offering unsolicited explanations for abnormal physical exam findings b) demanding that you take the child to the hospital as soon as possible c) difficulty recalling the last time the child was seen by a physician d) asking other sibling to leave the room while the child is examined. - Answers a) offering unsolicited explanations for abnormal physical exam findings if you discover minor external bleeding during your primary assessment of a patient, you should: a) make note of it and continue your assessment b) stop your assessment and take the patient's blood pressure c) stop your assessment and control the bleeding d) establish a large-bore IV line immediately - Answers Establishing good rapport with the caregiver of a sick or injured child at the scene is vital because: A) doing so will quickly deescalate any hostility that he or she may have B) caregivers often take their anger out on prehospital professionals C) the caregiver generally will not accompany the child in the ambulance D) he or she will be source of important information and assistance - Answers While of the following would MOST likely cause Cushing syndrome? a) Underuse of corcosteroids for Illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma b) an acute decrease in cortisol secretion secondary to an infection or malignancy c) administration of large amounts of methylprednisolone to an asthma patient d) abrupt termination of steroids such as prednisone and hydrocortisone - Answers Patients who alternate between mania and depression: a) have a history of schizophrenia b) have multiple personalities c) are referred to as bipolar d) present with a flat affect - Answers Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a) affects multiple organs over a long period of time b) may never spread from the lymphoid system c) is the most aggressive form of the disease d) most frequently occurs in men over 50 years of age - Answers b) may never spread from the lymphoid system During normal menstruation, approximately ____ to ____ mL of blood is discharged from the vagina. a) 25, 65 b) 75, 100 c) 50, 75 d) 65, 80 - Answers a) 25, 65 A nulliparous woman: a) has never been pregnant b) has never delivered a baby c) has had at least one miscarriage d) has never had miscarriage - Answers b) has never delivered a baby. For which of the following reasons would a corticosteroid be administered to a patient who is experiencing an allergic reaction? a) to cause vasoconstriction and improve the patient's blood pressure b) to block H1 receptors and terminate the allergic reaction c) prevention of idiopathic reactions or recurrent anaphylaxis d) to cause bronchodilation and restore adequate breathing - Answers Which of the following statements regarding freshwater and saltwater drownings is correct? a) freshwater drowning has a much higher mortality rate b) both freshwater and saltwater can lead to pulmonary injuries c) patients with freshwater drowning often require diuresis d) normal saline should be avoided in saltwater drowning victims. - Answers b) both freshwater and saltwater can lead to pulmonary injuries You and your partner are transferring a 76-year-old woman from a local nursing facility to the emergency department for evaluation of an acute onset of fever. While reviewing the transfer record, you note that the patient was recently treated with daptomycin. This patient MOST likely has: A) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. B) an infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. C) hemorrhagic fever caused by hantavirus. D) vancomycin-resistant enterococci. - Answers Repetitive actions that are carried out to relieve the anxiety of obsessive thoughts are called: a) compulsions b) stereotyped movements c) confabulations d) preserverations - Answers a) compulsions According to Part G of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act, medical facilities are required to notify emergency responders of potentially infectious diseases involving patients they transported no longer than ___ hours from the time they have a suspect case. a) 6 b) 48 c) 12 d) 24 - Answers You are caring for a young woman with a local cold injury to her hands. Your assessment reveals that her hands are hard to the touch, mottled, cold, and without sensation. Her body temperature is 96.3°F per tympanic thermometer. Your estimated transport time to the hospital is 45 minutes. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a) starting an IV and infusing warm normal saline, having her place her hands in her armpits to keep them warm, and transporting as soon as possible b) applying chemical heat packs to her axilla and groin, rapidly rewarming her hands with hot water, bandaging her hands and transporting c) preventing further loss of body heat; protecting her hands from injury with dry, bulky dressings; and transporting without delay d) immersing her hands in water that is between 95F and 104F, starting an IV and administering fentanyl, bandarging her thawed hands, and transporting. - Answers c) preventing further loss of body heat; protecting her hands from injury with dry, bulky dressings; and transporting without delay An intra-aortic balloon pump functions by: a) inflating a balloon during diastole, which pushes blood into the systemic circulation. b) deflating a balloon during systole, which pushes blood into the central circulation c) deflating a balloon during diastole, which creates a vaccuum and decreases afterload d) inflating a balloon during diatole, which pushes blood into the systemic circulation - Answers inflating a balloon during diastole, which pushes blood into the systemic circulation. The inner cannula of a tracheostomy tube: a) should only be removed during tracheostomy tube replacement b) has a 15-mm port that can be attached to a ventilator circuit. c) is the larger tube that passes directly into the patient's trachea d) should be equipped with a cuff if used pediatric patients. - Answers b) has a 15-mm port that can be attached to a ventilator circuit. Which of the following signs would you MOST likely observe in a patient with compensated shock? a) anxiety or agitation b) dilation of the pupils c) response to painful stimuli d) absent peripheral pulses - Answers a) anxiety or agitation Acanthosis is a clinical finding that indicates: a) addison disease b) addisonian crisis c) cushing syndrome d) thyroid storm - Answers which of the following medications would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk for a heat-related illness? a) beta-blockers b) diuretics c) alpha antagonists d) antihistamines - Answers c) alpha antagonists You are assessing a 34-year-old woman who appears to be depressed. You were summoned to see the patient by her husband, who tells you that she won't talk to him. During your interview of the patient, which of the following questions or comments would MOST likely yield a response from the patient? A) "are you mad at your husband?" B) "you are appear to be very sad" C) "do you want to hurt anyone?" D) "are you under psychiatric care?" - Answers B) "you are appear to be very sad" A child's vocal cords can be difficult to visualize during intubation because: a) a sniffing position is difficult to achieve b) the cords themselves are more posterior c) the epiglottis is floppy and U-shaped d) the area of the cricoid cartilage is narrow - Answers Paramedic intuition is BEST described as: A) the field diagnosis arrived at based on the general impression B) instinct or a "gut feeling" based on past reading or studying C) pattern recognition and matching based on past experience D) the quick formulation of a field diagnosis based on assessment - Answers C) pattern recognition and matching based on past experience. The typical incubation period for Ebola virus is: a) 2 to 21 days b) 4 to 28 days c) 6 to 32 days d) 8 to 40 days - Answers Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decrease until approximately _______ weeks gestation. a) 34 b) 24 c) 18 d) 28 - Answers The MOST common acute renal disease is: a) urinary tract infection b) carcinoma c) prostatitis d) nephrolithiasis - Answers An adult patient presents with a blood pressure of 78/60 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 120 beats/min and irregular, and labored breathing. Further assessment reveals pale, cool, moist skin and diffuse crackles in all lung fields. You should suspect: a) hypolvolemic shock b) septic shock c) neurogenic shock d) cardiogenic shock - Answers d) cardiogenic shock The Pediatric Assessment Triangle was designed to: a) formulate a working field diagnosis upon first sight of an ill child b) help EMS providers form hands-off general impression of an ill child c) provide a means for performing a rapid head-to-toe physical assessment d) identify immediate life threats through a rapid hands-on assessment - Answers b) help EMS providers form hands-off general impression of an ill child The odor of bitter almonds on a patient's breath should make you suspicious for exposure to: a) turpertine b) cyanide c) phosphorus d) arsenic - Answers Patients with type A hemophilia: a) have a low platelet count b) require infusions of factor IX c) have a deficiency of factor VIII d) bleed due to thrombocytopenia - Answers Infants and children in shock: a) generally remain alert for longer periods than adults despite a significant decrease in cerebral perfusion b) typically become hypotensive sooner than adults because of a relative decrease in total blood volume c) maintain end-organ perfusion longer than adults, making capillary refill time a less reliable perfusion indicator d) compensate more efficiently than adults by increasing heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance. - Answers d) compensate more efficiently than adults by increasing heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance. which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of distributive shock? a) sustained constriction of the small venules and small arterioles b) widespread dilation of the resistance and capacitance vessels c) decreased perfusion due to sympathetic nervous system failure d) shunting of blood from the periphery to the body's vital organs - Answers b) widespread dilation of the resistance and capacitance vessels Fever in infants younger than 2 months of age is defined as a body temperature that is ____°F or greater. a) 100.4 b) 99.2 c) 102.0 d) 101.2 - Answers Pelvic inflammatory disease commonly affects of the following organs, EXCEPT the: a) uterus b) fallopian tubes c) urinary bladder d) ovaries - Answers An increase in core body temperature due to inadequate thermolysis is called: a) heat illness b) heat cramps c) heatstroke d) heat exhaustion - Answers A characteristic sign of neurogenic shock caused by a spinal injury is: a) a reflex tachycardia secondary to vascular dilation b) an absence of sweating below the level of the injury c) irregular breathing secondary to brainstem insult d) pink, warm, dry skin above the level of the injury - Answers Zika virus presents the MOST significant risk to individuals who: a) have diabetes b) are not ambulatory c) are pregnant d) live in the US - Answers c) are pregnant When determining the optimal method to communicate with, assess, treat, and transport a patient with a special health care challenge, the paramedic should: a) routinely call medical control before talking to a caregiver b) demonstrate confidence and enlist the expertise of the patient c) recall that caregivers are often upset an therefor unreliable d) remain professional and obtain initial information from a caregiver - Answers When suctioning and cleaning the tracheostomy of a ventilator-dependent patient, it is MOST important to: a) soak the inner cannula in sterile water b) have a new tube readily available c) keep the patient well oxygenated d) suction for no longer than 5 seconds - Answers The endocrine system comprises a network of _______ that produce and secrete chemical messengers called __________. a) nodes, catecholamines b) vessels, leukotrienes c) synapses, neurotransmitters d) glands, hormones - Answers Down syndrome is a condition in which: a) the human somatic cell contains 24 chromosomes b) chromosome 23 fails to seperate c) the ovum contains 21 chromosomes d) a triplication of chromosomes 21 occurs - Answers d) a triplication of chromosomes 21 occurs Diabetic patients would MOST likely present with atypical signs and symptoms of: a) bacterial pneumonia b) viral or fungal meningitis c) acute coronary syndrome