NUR 400 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NUR 400 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 A nurse is teaching a patient with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus about self-management of their condition. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will check my blood sugar before meals and at bedtime as instructed." B. "I should inspect my feet daily for cuts, blisters, or redness." C. "If I feel dizzy or shaky, I should eat a Snickers candy bar immediately." D. "I will keep a log of my blood sugar readings to share with my healthcare provider." - Answers C. "If I feel dizzy or shaky, I should eat a Snickers candy bar immediately." A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old patient who was admitted for respiratory distress. The patient's vital signs are as follows: Temperature: 99.0°F (37.2°C) Heart rate: 120 beats per minute Respiratory rate: 30 breaths per minute Blood pressure: 138/88 mmHg What is the most appropriate nursing action based on these findings? A) Administer an antipyretic for the slightly elevated temperature. B) Monitor the patient for signs of dehydration and continue to assess vital signs. C) Administer oxygen via nasal cannula to address the elevated heart rate. D) Notify the healthcare provider immediately about the abnormal vital signs. - Answers B) Monitor the patient for signs of dehydration and continue to assess vital signs. A 70-year-old patient is recovering from a hip replacement surgery. The nurse notes the following vital signs: Temperature: 99.1°F (37.3°C) Heart rate: 52 beats per minute Respiratory rate: 16 breaths per minute Blood pressure: 120/72 mmHg Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse? A) Notify the healthcare provider immediately about the bradycardia. B) Document the findings and continue routine post-operative monitoring. C) Administer IV fluids to address the patient's bradycardia. D) Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4L/min via nasal cannula. - Answers Document the findings and continue routine post-operative monitoring. : A nurse is assessing a 60-year-old male patient who is post-cardiac surgery. The following vital signs are recorded: Temperature: 100.2°F (37.9°C) Heart rate: 88 beats per minute Respiratory rate: 18 breaths per minute Blood pressure: 110/68 mmHg What is the most appropriate next action by the nurse? A) Administer antipyretics for the elevated temperature. B) Continue to monitor vital signs and assess for signs of infection. C) Notify the healthcare provider immediately about the elevated temperature. D) Increase the oxygen flow rate to 4L/min via nasal cannula to support the patient's condition. - Answers Continue to monitor vital signs and assess for signs of infection. A nurse is educating a pregnant patient on how to increase folate intake to prevent neural tube defects. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best sources of folate during pregnancy? A) Fortified breakfast cereals B) Fresh orange juice C) Lean meats D) Dark leafy greens E) Whole grain breads - Answers A) Fortified breakfast cereals, D) Dark leafy greens A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is on hemodialysis. The nurse explains that certain nutrients need to be restricted. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the patient to limit? A) Grilled salmon with a side of roasted asparagus B) Whole grain cereal with low-fat milk C) Fresh orange juice with a side of scrambled eggs D) Baked potato with a dollop of sour cream and a green salad - Answers C) Fresh orange juice with a side of scrambled eggs Match the following nutrition-related conditions with the appropriate dietary recommendation: Iron-deficiency anemia Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Celiac disease Type 2 diabetes A) Follow a gluten-free diet B) Increase iron-rich foods, such as red meat, beans, and fortified cereals C) Limit protein intake to reduce kidney strain D) Focus on complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains and vegetables, and limit sugar intake - Answers Iron-deficiency anemia → B) Increase iron-rich foods, such as red meat, beans, and fortified cereals Chronic kidney disease (CKD) → C) Limit protein intake to reduce kidney strain Celiac disease → A) Follow a gluten-free diet Type 2 diabetes → D) Focus on complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains and vegetables, and limit sugar intake A nurse is assessing a 30-year-old patient's cardiovascular system. Which of the following findings would the nurse identify as abnormal and requiring further investigation? A. Capillary refill time of 2 seconds. B. Apical pulse rate of 60 beats per minute. C. S1 and S2 heart sounds audible without murmurs. D. Bulging and bounding jugular vein on one side of the neck - Answers D. Bulging and bounding jugular vein on one side of the neck A nurse is assessing a 65-year-old client during a routine examination and detects an irregular radial pulse. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize? A. Perform a full set of vital signs, including apical pulse assessment for one full minute. B. Notify the healthcare provider immediately about the irregular pulse findings. C. Document the findings and continue with the assessment. D. Encourage the client to increase their fluid intake to stabilize the pulse. - Answers A A nurse is assessing a client and notes an irregular pulse of 120 beats per minute. Which of the following should be the priority nursing intervention? Administer prescribed beta-blocker medication. Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Notify the healthcare provider immediately. Assess for associated symptoms such as dizziness or chest pain. - Answers 4 A nurse is assessing a client who was admitted with a head injury sustained in a motor vehicle accident. The client is lethargic, responds to verbal stimuli but falls asleep quickly, and is disoriented to time and place. Which of the following is the nurse's priority intervention? A. Notify the healthcare provider and prepare the client for a head CT scan. B. Administer prescribed IV fluids to maintain hydration and perfusion. C. Perform a full neurological assessment, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scoring. D. Document the findings and reassess the client's LOC in one hour. - Answers C A nurse is assessing a client who reports shortness of breath. The client's oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Which of the following is the nurse's priority intervention? A. Notify the healthcare provider about the oxygen saturation level. B. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula as prescribed and monitor the client's response. C. Position the client supine to maximize perfusion. D. Encourage the client to take deep breaths and reassess oxygen saturation in 10 minutes. - Answers B A nurse is performing a health assessment on a 65 year old client who reports having occasional shortness of breath and chest discomfort, after walking up the stairs. The nurse notes that the client is a smoker of 25 years, with an oxygen saturation of 91% on room air. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? A) Document the findings in the client's chart as normal for a person of their age. B) Advise the client to avoid strenuous activities until further testing has been conducted. C) Perform a focused assessment of the client's lungs to assess for COPD. D) Provide smoking cessation to the client - Answers C A Nurse is caring for a 72 year old patient who has been admitted to the Emergency Room complaining about shortness of breath. Upon taking the client's vital signs, the nurse notes that the client's oxygen saturation is at 90%. The nurse is preparing to assess the client's respiratory status. Which of the following actions should be a priority that the nurse should take? Encourage the client to deep breathe and cough to clear secretions. Administer supplemental oxygen via prescribed provider orders Perform a complete assessment, auscultating lung sounds Reassure the patient that the oxygen saturation is within normal limits - Answers B A nurse is assessing a client who reports severe abdominal pain rated 8/10 on a numeric pain scale. The client is grimacing, holding their abdomen, and states, "It hurts so much, I can't eat or sleep." Which of the following is the nurse's priority intervention? A. Administer the prescribed PRN pain medication and reassess the pain level in 30 minutes. B. Notify the healthcare provider about the client's pain and request further diagnostic testing. C. Perform a focused abdominal assessment to identify possible underlying causes of the pain. D. Encourage the client to use non-pharmacological pain management techniques, such as deep breathing or distraction. - Answers C A patient from a cultural background that values stoicism reports no pain, but their vital signs indicate tachycardia and increased blood pressure. The nurse observes signs of discomfort. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention? A. Accept the patient's self-report and do not intervene further. B. Use open-ended questions to explore the patient's pain experience. C. Administer pain medication based on the vital sign changes. D. Document the findings and inform the provider. - Answers B A 45-year-old woman with a history of osteoarthritis is being assessed by the nurse. The following findings are noted during the assessment: The patient reports stiffness and joint pain in both knees, especially in the morning. Swelling and mild warmth are noted in both knee joints. The patient has a positive Heberden's node at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) of both hands. The patient has a normal gait but reports occasional difficulty with walking long distances. The patient denies any redness or fever. Which of the following findings is abnormal for a patient with osteoarthritis? A) Morning stiffness and joint pain in both knees. B) Swelling and mild warmth in both knee joints. C) Heberden's nodes at the distal interphalangeal joints of both hands D) Difficulty walking long distances due to knee pain. - Answers B Which of the following is an example of the Assessment component in the SBAR communication method? A) "The patient's blood pressure has been 180/100 for the past hour." B) "I need a pain management order for this patient." C) "This patient's blood pressure is elevated and may require intervention." D) "The patient is stable and ready for discharge." - Answers C A nurse is calling a provider to report a patient's change in condition using the SBAR communication framework. Using clinical judgment, which action demonstrates an effective approach to the "B" (Background) component to support accurate decision-making? A. Share the patient's current vital signs and clinical assessment findings to provide real-time data. B. Summarize relevant medical history, key diagnoses, and recent treatments to establish context for the situation. C. Explain the specific circumstances and symptoms that prompted the need for immediate communication. D. Recommend specific interventions or clarify provider orders to guide the next steps. - Answers B A nurse is preparing to communicate a patient's condition to a physician using the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) format. Which of the following is the appropriate order and content of the SBAR communication? A) Situation: "The patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of heart disease and hypertension. His blood pressure is 180/100 mmHg, and he is complaining of chest pain." B) Background: "The patient had a myocardial infarction two years ago and has been on antihypertensive medication since then." C) Assessment: "His blood pressure is elevated, and his heart rate is 110 bpm. He appears to be diaphoretic and anxious." D) Recommendation: "I recommend starting a new antihypertensive medication and monitoring him closely in the ICU." - Answers C A nurse is providing an SBAR to the patient's provider. Which of the following information would the nurse include as part of the Recommendation component of SBAR? "Hello, Dr. Smith. My name is Student Nurse, and I am calling from ASU Hospital regarding your patient, Henry Chester. He is experiencing difficulty breathing and is complaining of chest pains." "Mr. Chester just had surgery yesterday and has no prior medical history." "Patient appears anxious, has tachycardia, and low O2 saturation." "I'd like to administer oxygen therapy and obtain lab tests along with CT of his chest." - Answers D A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of breast cancer. The client becomes quiet and withdrawn and says to the nurse, "What do you think people will say about me when I'm gone?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "What are you worried they will say about you?" "The thought of having breast cancer must seem hopeless." "Maintaining a positive attitude can influence your recovery." "You will be remembered as a very nice person." - Answers B A nurse is caring for a client following a myocardial infarction. The client tells the nurse that she does not think she can remain on a low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "What is it about the low-cholesterol diet that concerns you?" "If you don't follow the diet, you will probably have another heart attack." "I've been on this diet for the last 5 years. You will learn to change your eating habits after a while." "I will have the dietician talk to you since she is an expert and can be very helpful." - Answers A A nurse is caring for a client who is newly admitted to the unit. Which action should the nurse take to establish a helping relationship with the client? a. Make sure the communication is equally distributed between the nurse and the clients desires b. encourage the client to communicate their thoughts and feelings. c. give unlimited to the nurse-client communication d. allow communication to occur spontaneously throughout the nurse-client relationship. - Answers B A nurse is caring for a patient who has recently been diagnosed with terminal cancer. The patient expresses feelings of sadness and asks the nurse, "Why is this happening to me?" Which of the following responses by the nurse best demonstrates the use of therapeutic communication? A) "You shouldn't feel that way; you need to stay positive." B) "It's normal to feel sad, but you should focus on the good things in your life." C) "I can't imagine how difficult this must be for you. Can you tell me more about what you're feeling?" D) "Everything will be okay. The doctors are doing their best to help you." - Answers C A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports that they wake up frequently during the night. The nurse should identify which characteristics of older adult sleep patterns might explain the client's frequent awakening. Older adults tend to spend more time in stage 4 sleep Older adults tend to spend more time in stage 3 Older adults tend to spend less time in stage 1 sleep Older adults tend to spend more time in stage 2 sleep. - Answers 4 A nurse educates nursing students about the long-term health and psychosocial consequences of untreated sleep disorders. Which of the following long-term and psychosocial implications of untreated sleep disorders? Which of the following long-term effects should the nurse emphasize as being most significant Increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome Improved cognitive function and memory retention Enhance ability to cope with stress Decreased incidence of chronic illness - Answers 1 A nurse educating a client about good sleep hygiene. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening" B. "I will use my bedroom for sleeping only" C. "I will try to take naps throughout the day if I feel tired" D. "I will maintain a regular sleep schedule, going to bed and waking up at the same time each day" - Answers C A nurse is assessing a client who reports insomnia. Which of the following findings can contribute to the client's insomnia? (Select all that apply) a. Irregular schedule b. Stress c. Warm bath d. Alcohol intake e. Morning walk - Answers A,B,D The nurse is teaching a patient about the risk factors for insomnia. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? A "I will avoid drinking coffee or energy drinks in the evening." B "I'll keep my bedroom dark and quiet to help me sleep better." C "I'll go to bed early and use my phone until I feel sleepy." D "I'll try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day." - Answers C Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of sleep and its physiological benefits? Select all that apply. A) The circadian rhythm regulates the sleep-wake cycle, synchronizing with environmental cues such as light and temperature. B) Sleep-wake homeostasis helps the body maintain alertness and prevents sleep by controlling the release of melatonin. C) REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement, low muscle tone, and increased heart rate, making it the stage of sleep most associated with dreaming. D) During Stage 3 (NREM), the body undergoes tissue repair, and the immune system strengthens. E) Sleep spindles and K-complexes in Stage 2 (NREM) sleep are involved in memory consolidation and maintaining sleep. F) Delta waves are characteristic of Stage 1 (NREM) sleep, which is the deepest stage of sleep, necessary for immune function and muscle repair. - Answers A,C,D,E A nurse is caring for a Hispanic patient who prefers to use traditional herbal remedies in addition to prescribed medications. Which response by the nurse demonstrates cultural sensitivity A. "You should stop using herbal remedies because they may interfere with your prescribed medications." B. "Tell me more about the herbal remedies you use so we can ensure they are safe with your medications." C. "Herbal remedies aren't scientifically proven, so relying solely on your prescribed medications is better." D. "I'll consult the healthcare provider to discontinue your current medications since you prefer herbal treatments." - Answers B A nurse is caring for a client of Asian descent who recently gave birth. The client's family brings her warm soups and advises her to avoid cold foods. Which nursing action demonstrates culturally competent care? Informing the family that cold foods will not harm the client. Educating the client about balanced nutrition and encouraging her to eat a variety of foods. Respecting the client's cultural preference and ensuring warm meals are available. Explaining the importance of a calorie-rich diet for postpartum recovery. - Answers 3 A new client comes into the office, they can only speak broken sentences but have no issue understanding. Which of the following should the nurse do? Speak slowly Use written materials with pictures Call for an interpreter Use a family member to translate - Answers Call for an interpreter A nurse is preparing to conduct a cultural assessment of a patient. Which question best allows the nurse to assess the patient's cultural health beliefs? A. "What kind of diet do you follow at home?" B. "Do you take any medications daily?" C. "What do you think caused your illness?" D. "Do you prefer a male or female provider?" - Answers C A nurse helping to develop an in-service about cultural competence is reviewing a list of health beliefs provided by members of a local cultural group. The nurse should recognize that this list provides which of the following types of information? A: Health disparity data B: Emic knowledge C: Etic knowledge D: Objective data - Answers B A patient with anxiety disorder is prescribed lorazepam. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "Lorazepam works quickly to relieve anxiety." B) "I can use lorazepam daily because it has no risk of addiction." C) "Lorazepam is only for short-term use due to the risk of dependence." D) "Lorazepam can cause sedation, so I should avoid driving after taking it." - Answers B A nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with anxiety disorder. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's care plan? (SATA) A: Encourage the client to engage in deep breathing exercises when having anxiety B: Taking medication as prescribed like Benzodiazepines C: Educate the client on relaxation techniques like relief of pain and muscle tension D: Allow the client to pace alone until physically tired when the client has anxiety - Answers A,B,C A nursing student has been recently diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. What symptoms would you expect for a patient with moderate anxiety? (Select all that apply.) Insomnia Increased heart rate Anorexia Irritability Edema - Answers A,B,D A nurse is assessing a 55 year old client who reports recent feelings of stress and anxiety. The client states, "I have been feeling anxious and tired all the time due to my new job, but I do not know how to fix it,". Which of the following nursing interventions would be the most appropriate for this client? A) Advise the client to take a leave of absence from work and look for a less stressful job. B) Encourage the client to engage in physical activities for at least 30 minutes everyday C) Suggest that the client takes a daily anxiety medication so that he does not feel this way anymore. D) Advise the client to not speak with family members about his recent feelings of anxiety, as it may lead to conflict. - Answers B The nurse is assessing a patient's coping strategies during a period of significant stress. Match the following coping responses with whether they are adaptive or maladaptive. Instructions: Drag the coping response to the appropriate column (Adaptive or Maladaptive). Coping Responses: Avoidance coping Attacking or bullying Compartmentalizing Denial Displacement Emotional outbursts Excessive eating Regression Self-harm Social isolation/withdrawal Substance use Art therapy Counseling Physical activity Relaxation techniques - Answers Adaptive Coping Responses: Art therapy Counseling Physical activity Relaxation techniques Maladaptive Coping Responses: Avoidance coping Attacking or bullying Compartmentalizing Denial Displacement Emotional outbursts Excessive eating Regression Self-harm Social isolation/withdrawal Substance use A nurse is assessing a client for risk factors related to stress and coping. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the client's risk for experiencing stress? A) regular physical exercise and balanced diet B) strong social support from family and friends C) chronic illness and lack of effective coping mechanisms D) positive outlook on life and effective time management - Answers C A nurse is assessing a client who recently lost their job. Which of the following findings indicates the client may be at risk for altered coping? A) The client states they have joined a community support group. B) The client reports increased alcohol use over the past month. C) The client is volunteering to stay active during unemployment. D) The client says, "I know things will get better soon." - Answers B A community health nurse is planning a health promotion program targeting various age groups within the community. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate as a primary health promotion strategy for the older adult population? A) Conducting regular blood pressure screenings at health fairs. B) Offering nutrition workshops focused on healthy eating habits. C) Establishing a cardiac rehabilitation program for recovering patients. D) Providing support groups for individuals with chronic illnesses. - Answers B A 45-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer undergoes a mammogram as part of her annual screening. Which health promotion strategy is being employed? A) Primary prevention, as it aims to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. B) Secondary prevention, as it focuses on early detection of breast cancer through screening. C) Tertiary prevention, as it focuses on managing breast cancer after diagnosis. D) Primary prevention, as it seeks to improve overall health by reducing cancer-related risks. - Answers B A nurse is developing a care plan for a 45-year-old patient who has recently been diagnosed with hypertension. The patient has expressed interest in improving their overall health and reducing the need for medication. The nurse decides to implement a health promotion strategy that addresses primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures. Which of the following interventions best demonstrates the nurse's use of health promotion across all three prevention levels? A. Encouraging the patient to begin a daily exercise routine to prevent the onset of chronic diseases, suggesting blood pressure monitoring at home, and referring the patient to a support group for those with hypertension. B. Administering an antihypertensive medication as prescribed, monitoring the patient's blood pressure regularly, and encouraging the patient to attend routine follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider. C. Providing ed - Answers A A nurse is promoting smoking cessation to a group of patient. Which statement by a participant indicates they are in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change? A. "I don't think smoking is that bad for me." B. "I've cut down from two packs a day to one." C. "I've decided to quit and set a date for next week." D. "I've been smoke-free for six months now." - Answers C A nurse is teaching a client about healthy eating habits. Which of the following dietary choices by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching has been effective? A. I will eat more fried chicken to increase my protein intake. B. I will switch from potato chips to veggie straws. C. I will eat lots of sodium when I am stressed. D. I can eat a large meal before bed. - Answers B A nurse is assessing a patient's approach to self-care as part of the health perception and health management pattern. Which of the following statements by the patient would indicate a positive approach to self-care? A. "I rarely exercise because I don't have time, but I try to eat healthy when I can." B. "I check my blood pressure every day, and I take my medication exactly as prescribed." C. "I usually wait until my symptoms get worse before I go to the doctor." D. "I've been trying to quit smoking for years, but I haven't been able to." - Answers B A nurse is teaching a group of patients about self-management strategies related to chronic illness. Which of the following approaches to self-care should the nurse emphasize to improve health perception and health management? A) Relying solely on pharmacological treatments to manage symptoms. B) Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a balanced diet. C) Avoiding all forms of physical activity to prevent exacerbation of illness. D) Attending medical appointments infrequently to avoid the stress of healthcare settings. - Answers B A nurse is educating a 60-year-old client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes on self-management strategies. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching? A. "I will check my blood sugar levels before meals and at bedtime." B. "I will eat my favorite sugary desserts occasionally in small portions as part of my meal plan." C. "I will take my medication only when my blood sugar is over 200 mg/dL." D. "I will incorporate daily physical activity, such as walking, into my routine to help manage my blood sugar." - Answers C A nurse is educating a patient with type 2 diabetes about self-management strategies to improve health outcomes. The patient expresses concern about their ability to manage the condition long-term. Which of the following approaches is most likely to improve the patient's health perception and enhance their self-care behaviors?