HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PRACTICE FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What is the function of some nonsteroid hormones?.
Answer: Serve as protein hormones.
◍ Which of the following does not describe the dermis? a. a vascular layer of
the skinb. the thickest layer of the skinc. the layer of the skin that contains
the network of capillaries necessary for thermoregulation d. the layer of the
skin where cells containing the pigment melanin are found.
Answer: d. the layer of the skin where cells containing the pigment melanin
are found dermis: thickest layer ion the skin, highly vascular (has many
blood vessels), as it has to supply oxygen and nutrients to the epidermis,
which is avascular (lacking blood vessels) also contains the network of
capillaries necessary for thermoregulation epidermis: layer of the skin where
cells contain pigment melanin are found
◍ What are causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation?.
Answer: The contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial
walls.
◍ What is the name for the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?.
Answer: Systole
◍ Which white blood cells are active in phagocytosis?.
Answer: Neutrophils and monocytes
◍ The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ____ and ____.a. the
central nervous system and autonomic nervous system b. the central nervous
system and somatic nervous system c. the central nervous system and
peripheral nervous systemd. the central nervous system and spinal cord.
, Answer: c. the central nervous system and peripheral nervous systemcentral
nervous system: brain and spinal cordperipheral nervous system: cranial
nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves and ganglia peripheral nervous
system can be further classified into autonomic (involuntary) nervous
system, which innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and
viscerasomatic (voluntary) nervous system which innervates (connects to)
skeletal muscle
◍ What is the functional unit of the kidney? a. nephronb. glomerulus c.
tubulesd. ureter.
Answer: a. nephroneach nephron is made up of the glomerulus and the
tubule. ureter: a tube that connects kidneys with the bladder
◍ Which is the most abundant nervous tissue? a. neuronsb. dendritesc.
neurogliad. myelin.
Answer: c. neuroglia - (also called glial cells) support the neuronsa. neurons-
typically covered by a myelin sheath and have a cell body, axon, and
multiple processes called dendrites b. dendritesd. myelin
◍ Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen? a. it is
responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics b. it is produced by
the cells of the ovarian folliclec. it stimulates ovulationd. it stimulates the
proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
Answer: c. it stimulates ovulationluteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates
ovulation, not estrogen. it is produced by the anterior pituitary gland
estrogen is the sex hormone responsible for the female secondary sex
characteristics. it is produced in the ovaries
◍ Where does sperm develop in the male sex organs?.
Answer: Within the seminiferous tubules of the testes
◍ Which type of bone has a diaphysis and two epiphysis? a. long boneb. short
bonec. flat boned. irregular bone.
Answer: a. long bone - shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses) -
examples: femur, tibia, fibula, ulnar, radius, and humerus b. short bone-
cuboidal with a similar length and width- examples: carpals and tarsals c.
, flat bone- thin and flat - examples: sternum, ribs, scapula, and bones of the
skull such as the occipital bone, the parietal bone, the frontal bone, etc. d.
irregular bone- irregular shape- consist mainly of spongy bone with a thin
layer of compact bone - examples: vertebrae of our spine
◍ Which of the following correctly describes the function of the luteinizing
hormone? a. it stimulates the production of testosterone in males b. it
stimulates spermatogenesis in malesc. it stimulates the maturation of the
ovarian follicle in femalesd. it stimulates the proliferative phase of the
menstrual cycle in females.
Answer: a. it stimulates the production of testosterone in males luteinizing
hormone stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone in males and
stimulates ovulation in females follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates spermatogenesis in males and the maturation of the ovarian
follicle in females estrogen stimulates the proliferative phase of the
menstrual cycle in females
◍ How many bones make the skeletal column?.
Answer: 33 bones
◍ Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?a. coronalb. frontalc.
sagittald. transverse.
Answer: c. sagittala. coronal- (also called frontal plane) is a vertical plane
that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections b.
frontal d. transverse - a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper
(superior) and lower (inferior) parts
◍ What is the function of estrogen during the woman's cycle?.
Answer: Prepare the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy.
◍ What structures make up muscle cells?.
Answer: Myofibrils made up of sarcomeres.
◍ Which of the following describes exhalation? a. diffusion of oxygen from
blood to the alveoli and carbon dioxide from alveoli tothe bloodb. flow of
air from the lungs to the exterior through the nose or mouthc. drawing in air
PRACTICE FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What is the function of some nonsteroid hormones?.
Answer: Serve as protein hormones.
◍ Which of the following does not describe the dermis? a. a vascular layer of
the skinb. the thickest layer of the skinc. the layer of the skin that contains
the network of capillaries necessary for thermoregulation d. the layer of the
skin where cells containing the pigment melanin are found.
Answer: d. the layer of the skin where cells containing the pigment melanin
are found dermis: thickest layer ion the skin, highly vascular (has many
blood vessels), as it has to supply oxygen and nutrients to the epidermis,
which is avascular (lacking blood vessels) also contains the network of
capillaries necessary for thermoregulation epidermis: layer of the skin where
cells contain pigment melanin are found
◍ What are causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation?.
Answer: The contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial
walls.
◍ What is the name for the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?.
Answer: Systole
◍ Which white blood cells are active in phagocytosis?.
Answer: Neutrophils and monocytes
◍ The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ____ and ____.a. the
central nervous system and autonomic nervous system b. the central nervous
system and somatic nervous system c. the central nervous system and
peripheral nervous systemd. the central nervous system and spinal cord.
, Answer: c. the central nervous system and peripheral nervous systemcentral
nervous system: brain and spinal cordperipheral nervous system: cranial
nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves and ganglia peripheral nervous
system can be further classified into autonomic (involuntary) nervous
system, which innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and
viscerasomatic (voluntary) nervous system which innervates (connects to)
skeletal muscle
◍ What is the functional unit of the kidney? a. nephronb. glomerulus c.
tubulesd. ureter.
Answer: a. nephroneach nephron is made up of the glomerulus and the
tubule. ureter: a tube that connects kidneys with the bladder
◍ Which is the most abundant nervous tissue? a. neuronsb. dendritesc.
neurogliad. myelin.
Answer: c. neuroglia - (also called glial cells) support the neuronsa. neurons-
typically covered by a myelin sheath and have a cell body, axon, and
multiple processes called dendrites b. dendritesd. myelin
◍ Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen? a. it is
responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics b. it is produced by
the cells of the ovarian folliclec. it stimulates ovulationd. it stimulates the
proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
Answer: c. it stimulates ovulationluteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates
ovulation, not estrogen. it is produced by the anterior pituitary gland
estrogen is the sex hormone responsible for the female secondary sex
characteristics. it is produced in the ovaries
◍ Where does sperm develop in the male sex organs?.
Answer: Within the seminiferous tubules of the testes
◍ Which type of bone has a diaphysis and two epiphysis? a. long boneb. short
bonec. flat boned. irregular bone.
Answer: a. long bone - shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses) -
examples: femur, tibia, fibula, ulnar, radius, and humerus b. short bone-
cuboidal with a similar length and width- examples: carpals and tarsals c.
, flat bone- thin and flat - examples: sternum, ribs, scapula, and bones of the
skull such as the occipital bone, the parietal bone, the frontal bone, etc. d.
irregular bone- irregular shape- consist mainly of spongy bone with a thin
layer of compact bone - examples: vertebrae of our spine
◍ Which of the following correctly describes the function of the luteinizing
hormone? a. it stimulates the production of testosterone in males b. it
stimulates spermatogenesis in malesc. it stimulates the maturation of the
ovarian follicle in femalesd. it stimulates the proliferative phase of the
menstrual cycle in females.
Answer: a. it stimulates the production of testosterone in males luteinizing
hormone stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone in males and
stimulates ovulation in females follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates spermatogenesis in males and the maturation of the ovarian
follicle in females estrogen stimulates the proliferative phase of the
menstrual cycle in females
◍ How many bones make the skeletal column?.
Answer: 33 bones
◍ Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?a. coronalb. frontalc.
sagittald. transverse.
Answer: c. sagittala. coronal- (also called frontal plane) is a vertical plane
that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections b.
frontal d. transverse - a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper
(superior) and lower (inferior) parts
◍ What is the function of estrogen during the woman's cycle?.
Answer: Prepare the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy.
◍ What structures make up muscle cells?.
Answer: Myofibrils made up of sarcomeres.
◍ Which of the following describes exhalation? a. diffusion of oxygen from
blood to the alveoli and carbon dioxide from alveoli tothe bloodb. flow of
air from the lungs to the exterior through the nose or mouthc. drawing in air
