EXAM WITH UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2627
If a toxin that disrupted microtubule function, what is most likely to be affected? - Answer-Anaphase
Where are lysosomes produced? - Answer-Golgi
What is the function of a lysosome? - Answer-Contains digestive enzymes for breaking down nutrients,
cell debris, and bacteria
What is the functional equivalent of the lysosome in plants? - Answer-Central vacuole
What are 4 possible places were microfilaments can be found? - Answer-1. Muscle cells
2. Pseudopod of amoeba
3. Cleavage furrow during animal division
4. Cytoskeleton
What is bacteria flagellum composed of? - Answer-Flagellin
What is Clathrin? - Answer-A protein that coats vesicles and plays a critical role in their formation, as
well as their incorporation into the cell membrane during exocytosis and endocytosis
What is a nucleoid region? - Answer-Region where DNA exists in a bacterial cell as it does not have a
nucleus
, What are teichoic acids? - Answer-Found only on gram-positive bacteria and help keep the cell wall rigid.
Also used a recognition and binding sites by bacterial viruses
During conjugation, what does the donor bacteria contain? - Answer-The F plasmid
Which of the following best defines a notochord?
A. A component that eventually develops into the spinal cord
B. A length of cartilage extending along the body, which will become the spine
C. That which will become the pharynx gills, or other feeding system in the animal
D. A groove located in the underside of the pharynx that produces mucus in filter-feeding species -
Answer-B. A length of cartilage extending along the body, which will become the spine
What are the 4 main features during their development that chordates share? - Answer-1. Notochord
2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord
3. Pharyngeal gill slits
4. Muscular post-anal tail
Characteristics of Nematoda - Answer-Complete digestive system, triploblasts with bilateral symmetry,
pseudocoelomates. Parasitic; contain a thick protective outer layer known as the cuticle
Examples: round worms, hook worms, and C.elegans
Characteristics of Annelida - Answer-Complete digestive system
Triploblasts with bilateral symmetry
Coelomates with segmented bodies
Close circulatory systems
Examples: Earthworms and leeches