Nurse Practitioner Certification Exam |LATEST UPLOAD |GRADED A+
primary lesion - correct answer-lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
lesion - correct answer-a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury
or disease
secondary lesion - correct answer-lesion that either changes impression over time or
occurs when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
macule - correct answer-circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from
surrounding tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
patch - correct answer-a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
papule - correct answer-Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
plaque - correct answer-elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
pustule - correct answer-a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm;
examples acne and impetigo
vesicle - correct answer-a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID: <1cm;
examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
nodule - correct answer-solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends
deeper into dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
bulla - correct answer-blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends only
into epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
wheal - correct answer-elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red, axon-
mediated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction, examples
PPD test and mosquito bites
,cyst - correct answer-any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal
or abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
Abscess - correct answer-a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by
disintegration or necrosis of tissues >1cm
tumor - correct answer-"MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
configuration: annular - correct answer-circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
configuration: confluent - correct answer-lesions run together
configuration: grouped - correct answer-lesion cluster
configuration: gyrate - correct answer-twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
configuration: linear - correct answer-scratch, streak, line stripe
configuration: polycyclic - correct answer-annular lesions merge
configuration: solitary or discrete - correct answer-individual and distinct lesions that
remain separate
configuration: target (iris) - correct answer-resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric
rings of color
configuration: zosteriform - correct answer-linear arrangement along nerve route
comedones - correct answer-open are called black heads (openings capped with a
blackened skin debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
acne - correct answer-can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts,
nodules and scaring
nonpharmacological management of acne - correct answer-wash several times daily with
soap and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and moisterizers
, pharmacological management of acne - correct answer-comedolytic agents: benzoyl
peroxice, salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and
metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives
folliculitis - correct answer-inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
furuncle - correct answer-"boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
carbuncle - correct answer->furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
cellulitis - correct answer-most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram
negative (ecoli, klebsiels, psuedomonsa, enterbacter, staph aureus and strep
MRSA - correct answer-trimethoprm-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim); doxy, clindamycin
group a strep - correct answer-bactrim + beta lactam (PCN, amoxicillin , keflex) or
doxy/inocycline +beta lactam or clindamycin
erysipelas - correct answer-usually caused by strep, rapid progression of an erythematous,
warm indurated area (looks like sunburn,)
hidradenitis supparativa - correct answer-staph infection common in groin or axilla ;
abscess formation common
impetigo - correct answer-usually caused by staph, primary lesion is thin walled vesicle
that breaks easily and honey colored crust at edge; satelite lesions appear and spread to
remote areas of skin
paronychia - correct answer-staph around nail fold
candida balanitis - correct answer-inflammation of superficial tissues of penile head
caused by candida albicans : managed by steroids, miconazole, clotrimazole or
fluconazole
candida intertrigo - correct answer-irruption of the fold of skin in warm, moist body areas;
use drying agents like talc, cornstarch, topical antifungals, oral antifungals
primary lesion - correct answer-lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
lesion - correct answer-a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury
or disease
secondary lesion - correct answer-lesion that either changes impression over time or
occurs when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
macule - correct answer-circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from
surrounding tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
patch - correct answer-a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
papule - correct answer-Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
plaque - correct answer-elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
pustule - correct answer-a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm;
examples acne and impetigo
vesicle - correct answer-a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID: <1cm;
examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
nodule - correct answer-solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends
deeper into dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
bulla - correct answer-blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends only
into epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
wheal - correct answer-elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red, axon-
mediated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction, examples
PPD test and mosquito bites
,cyst - correct answer-any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal
or abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
Abscess - correct answer-a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by
disintegration or necrosis of tissues >1cm
tumor - correct answer-"MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
configuration: annular - correct answer-circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
configuration: confluent - correct answer-lesions run together
configuration: grouped - correct answer-lesion cluster
configuration: gyrate - correct answer-twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
configuration: linear - correct answer-scratch, streak, line stripe
configuration: polycyclic - correct answer-annular lesions merge
configuration: solitary or discrete - correct answer-individual and distinct lesions that
remain separate
configuration: target (iris) - correct answer-resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric
rings of color
configuration: zosteriform - correct answer-linear arrangement along nerve route
comedones - correct answer-open are called black heads (openings capped with a
blackened skin debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
acne - correct answer-can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts,
nodules and scaring
nonpharmacological management of acne - correct answer-wash several times daily with
soap and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and moisterizers
, pharmacological management of acne - correct answer-comedolytic agents: benzoyl
peroxice, salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and
metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives
folliculitis - correct answer-inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
furuncle - correct answer-"boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
carbuncle - correct answer->furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
cellulitis - correct answer-most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram
negative (ecoli, klebsiels, psuedomonsa, enterbacter, staph aureus and strep
MRSA - correct answer-trimethoprm-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim); doxy, clindamycin
group a strep - correct answer-bactrim + beta lactam (PCN, amoxicillin , keflex) or
doxy/inocycline +beta lactam or clindamycin
erysipelas - correct answer-usually caused by strep, rapid progression of an erythematous,
warm indurated area (looks like sunburn,)
hidradenitis supparativa - correct answer-staph infection common in groin or axilla ;
abscess formation common
impetigo - correct answer-usually caused by staph, primary lesion is thin walled vesicle
that breaks easily and honey colored crust at edge; satelite lesions appear and spread to
remote areas of skin
paronychia - correct answer-staph around nail fold
candida balanitis - correct answer-inflammation of superficial tissues of penile head
caused by candida albicans : managed by steroids, miconazole, clotrimazole or
fluconazole
candida intertrigo - correct answer-irruption of the fold of skin in warm, moist body areas;
use drying agents like talc, cornstarch, topical antifungals, oral antifungals
