Tachycardia - ANSWER abnormally rapid heart rate - above 100
Bradycardia - ANSWER abnormally slow heart rate - under 60
Preload - ANSWER volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Afterload - ANSWER resistance against which left ventricle pushes blood out
Systole - ANSWER contraction of heart .... Provides increase in pressure to eject blood
Diastole - ANSWER relaxation of heart.... Required for filling chambers
When is preload increased? - ANSWER hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac valves,
heart failure
When is afterload increased? - ANSWER hypertension, vasoconstriction
What increases when afterload increases? - ANSWER increase in cardiac workload
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is stroke volume? - ANSWER Volume of blood pumped out of ventricle- contraction
1
, The heart sound, lubb is due to the _________ . - ANSWER closure of AV valves
The heart sound, dub is due to the ________. - ANSWER closure of semilunar valves.
Pulse rate - ANSWER heart rate 60-100 bpm.
What do vasodilators do? - ANSWER dilates (opens) blood vessels, which allows blood to
flow more easily
Example: nitroglycerin
What do beta blockers do? - ANSWER -decrease heart rate and blood pressure
-treat HTN & dysrhythmias
-reduce angina attacks
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWER hardening of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER plaque build up in the coronary artery causing clots, often
leads to MI.
Diuretics - ANSWER medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to re-
move excess sodium and/or water.
- treats high blood pressure and congestive heart failure
Anticoagulant - ANSWER a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - ANSWER Transports cholesterol from liver to cells
Major factor contributing to atheroma formation
2
Bradycardia - ANSWER abnormally slow heart rate - under 60
Preload - ANSWER volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Afterload - ANSWER resistance against which left ventricle pushes blood out
Systole - ANSWER contraction of heart .... Provides increase in pressure to eject blood
Diastole - ANSWER relaxation of heart.... Required for filling chambers
When is preload increased? - ANSWER hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac valves,
heart failure
When is afterload increased? - ANSWER hypertension, vasoconstriction
What increases when afterload increases? - ANSWER increase in cardiac workload
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is stroke volume? - ANSWER Volume of blood pumped out of ventricle- contraction
1
, The heart sound, lubb is due to the _________ . - ANSWER closure of AV valves
The heart sound, dub is due to the ________. - ANSWER closure of semilunar valves.
Pulse rate - ANSWER heart rate 60-100 bpm.
What do vasodilators do? - ANSWER dilates (opens) blood vessels, which allows blood to
flow more easily
Example: nitroglycerin
What do beta blockers do? - ANSWER -decrease heart rate and blood pressure
-treat HTN & dysrhythmias
-reduce angina attacks
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWER hardening of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER plaque build up in the coronary artery causing clots, often
leads to MI.
Diuretics - ANSWER medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to re-
move excess sodium and/or water.
- treats high blood pressure and congestive heart failure
Anticoagulant - ANSWER a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - ANSWER Transports cholesterol from liver to cells
Major factor contributing to atheroma formation
2
